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Biology 118, Exam 4, Version A, Autumn 2015
Biology 118, Nov. 25, 2015
Exam 4, Version A
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Name _______________________________________
Mark your name, ID number, & test version (A, B, C, D...) on your answer sheet.
You can keep this list of exam questions. You may write on it if you wish.
Marking & keeping this test is the only way you will know the answers on your mark-sense form.
Each question has only 1 correct answer. Use a pencil to bubble in your choice on mark-sense form.
If you need clarification for a question, raise your hand & stay in your seat.
If you are stumped by a question, place a mark by it, and return to it later.
Answer these questions on your own after class (ie. when you see your test results), if you want to
meet with me to discuss how to improve:
How will you change your study habits or try to sharpen specific skills? Please be specific.
Did you come to all of the lectures? If not, did you watch the screen casts? ___________________
What was your total study time (hours) outside of class? ________________________
Describe how you have reflected on the course material. Have you applied some of this information to
your personal health or shared information with family or friends? What has it made you think about?
Estimate the % of points you lost to each of the following:
________% Didn’t understand a major concept. Concept was ____________________________
________% Question was too specific (i.e. missed out on some depth in the material)
________% Wasn’t careful (i.e. careless mistakes in reading or filling in bubble sheet)
________% Changed answers: from right to wrong – second guessing
Biology 118, Exam 4, Version A, Autumn 2015
Fig. A
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Fig. B
Fig. C
Fig. D
Effect of quitting smoking on survival to 80 years,
according to age at the time of quitting.
Included 5688 participants, 45 - 84 years old, no clinical
cardiovascular disease, & not taking lipid-lowering drugs at start.
Jha, Ramasundarahettige, Landsman, et al. (2013) N Engl J Med 368:341-350.
Ebong IA, Goff DC, Rodriguez CJ, et al. (2013) Circulation: Heart Failure 6: 371-378.
Fig. E
Hanft, Korte, & McDonald. (2008) Cardiovascular Research 77:627–636
Fig. F
(MS = metabolic syndrome) FEV1/FVC ratio is proportion of a vital
capacity that is expired in the 1st second of forced expiration.
Forno, Han, Muzumdar, & Celedón. (2015) J Allergy Clin Immunol 136(2):304–311.e8
Fig. G
Risk for all-cause mortality and
cardiovascular events
compared with metabolically
healthy normal-weight persons.
Kramer CK, Zinman B, & Retnakaran R,
(2013) Ann Intern Med. 159:758-769.
Biology 118, Exam 4, Version A, Autumn 2015
Ach – acetylcholine
AV – atrioventricular
BP – blood hydrostatic pressure
BMI – body mass index
CO – cardiac output
ERV – expiratory reserve volume
FEV1/FVC – proportion of vital capacity expired in
the 1st second of forced expiration
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IRV – inspiratory reserve volume
HP – hydrostatic pressure
HR – heart rate
HDL – high density lipoprotein
LDL – low density lipoprotein
NE – norepinephrine
OP – osmotic pressure
RMV – respiratory minute volume
RR – respiration rate
SA – sinoatrial
SR – sarcoplasmic reticulum
SV – Stoke volume
SA – surface area
V – volume
TV – tidal volume
1.
Which RMV removes the most carbon dioxide from the lungs?
a. TV = 500 ml, RR = 20 breaths/min.
b. TV = 250 ml, RR = 40 breaths/min.
c. TV = 1000 ml, RR = 10 breaths/min.
d. All remove the same amount of CO2
2.
Fig. A shows an abnormal pattern for capillary exchange of fluids because of _____ that will lead to _______.
a. Hypertension – dehydration
b. Hypotension – edema
c. Hypertension – edema
d. Hypotension – dehydration
3.
Vital capacity measures the ________ volume of the lung & is measured with these lung volumes: ________.
a. Functional – TV + IRV + ERV
b. Total – Dead air + TV + IRV + ERV
c. Total – residual volume + TV + IRV + ERV
d. Functional – IRV + ERV
4.
High amounts of elastic tissue allow _____ to stretch & recoil with _____ fluctuations in BP than if they were stiff.
a. Arteries – larger
b. Veins – larger
c. Arteries – smaller
d. Veins – smaller
5.
Diabetes ____ leading to ______ risk of developing atherosclerosis.
a. Increases macrophage activity – an increased
b. Promotes endothelium inflammation – a decreased
c. Inhibits smooth muscle growth – a decreased
d. Dilates arterioles – an increased
6.
The _____ has the thickest wall of cardiac muscle tissue, so it propels blood with the most ______.
a. Right ventricle – volume
b. Left atrium – volume
c. Left ventricle – pressure
d. Right atrium – pressure
7.
Which cells typically produce the asthmatic response when someone is re-exposed to an allergen?
a. Neutrophils & Killer T cells
b. Mast cells & Eosinophils
c. Platelets & Natural killer (NK) cells
d. Suppressor T cells & killer T cells
Biology 118, Exam 4, Version A, Autumn 2015
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8.
______ may be a major reason the 1-way valves in ____ fail, as a result, the vessels enlarge & cause complications.
a. Obesity – arteries
b. Genetics – veins
c. Diet – arteries
d. Regular exercise – veins
9.
______ is the maximum number of O2 molecules bound to 1 hemoglobin, and each hemoglobin normally releases
______ of its O2 molecule(s) during internal respiration in a relaxed (resting) state.
a. 1 – 1
b. 2 – 2
c. 3 – 1
d. 4 – 1
10. Which of these is part of the negative feedback response to hypoventilation?
a. Increase heart rate
b. Decrease depth of breathing
c. Stimulate parasympathetic system
d. Lower PO2
11. In Fig. B, blood with a pH = ______ releases the most O2 from hemoglobin, when PO2 = 40 mmHg, compared to the
other pH values. This also increases CO2 ______ in hemoglobin.
a. 7.2 – binding to globin
b. 7.6 – binding to globin
c. 7.2 – release from heme
d. 7.4 – release from heme
12. _______ in the ________ produce the spread of the electrical depolarization between cardiac muscle cells.
a. Sarcomeres - myofibrils
b. Fibrous skeleton - heart
c. Pericardium – thoracic cavity
d. Gap junctions – intercalated discs
13. Surfactant molecules _____ surface tension in the ________.
a. Increase – arteries
b. Increase – bronchi
c. Decrease – veins
d. Decrease – alveoli
14. Which blood variable is a key risk factor for atherosclerosis?
a. High HDL
b. High LDL
c. Low albumins
d. Low osmolarity
15. Which condition produces the largest increase in RMV, if PO 2 = 100 mmHg & PCO2 = 40 mmHg normally?
a. PO2 = 105 mmHg
b. PO2 = 85 mmHg
c. PCO2 = 45 mmHg
d. PCO2 = 35 mmHg
16. Semilunar valves need to be ________, and tough, so the tissue found within the valve is _______.
a. Flexible – Cardiac muscle
b. Stiff – Smooth muscle
c. Flexible – Collagen fibers
d. Stiff – Skeletal muscle
Biology 118, Exam 4, Version A, Autumn 2015
17. In Figure D, individuals with ______ had the highest % develop heart failure over time, but _____ had the largest
effect on onset of heart failure.
a. Low HDL & Diabetes – Diabetes
b. Normal HDL & Diabetes – Diabetes
c. Low HDL & No Diabetes – HDL
d. Normal HDL & No Diabetes – HDL
18. Calculate the cardiac output given this: ave. BP = 100 mmHg, HR = 50 beats/min. SV = 100 ml/heart beat
a. 500 ml/min.
b. 5,000 ml/min.
c. 10,000 ml/min.
d. 50,000 ml/min.
19. The ______ surface area of nasal conchae (turbinates) help ______ the air that we inhale.
a. High – warm up
b. Low – warm up
c. High – dehumidify
d. Low – dehumidify
e.
20. Increasing _______ will produce the greatest increase in blood flow in an artery.
a. Blood viscosity
b. Vessel diameter by 2 mm
c. BP by 5 mmHg
d. Endothelium roughness
21. Regular aerobic exercise should decrease your resting (non-exercise value) for _______.
a. SV
b. Dead air volume
c. HR
d. Tidal volume
22. What is the immediate, correct pathway of blood as it exits the right atrium?
a. AV valve  left atrium
b. AV valve  right ventricle
c. Semilunar valve  pulmonary artery
d. Semilunar valve  pulmonary vein
23. Alveoli maximize gas exchange because they have a _____ SA/V ratio and they are lined with a ____ epithelium.
a. High – thin, squamous
b. High – columnar, ciliated
c. Low – thin, squamous
d. Low – columnar, ciliated
24. Which region/tissue receives the same amount of blood flow (L/min.) at rest as well as during exercise?
a. Skeletal muscles
b. Digestive system
c. Brain
d. Cardiac muscle tissue
25. Fig. F shows that the FEV1/FVC ratio is lowest in individuals with ___________.
a. Asthma only
b. Metabolic syndrome only
c. Metabolic syndrome + asthma
d. The control group
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Biology 118, Exam 4, Version A, Autumn 2015
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26. Where in the systemic circuit is blood pressure the lowest?
a. Capillary
b. Artery
c. Arteriole
d. Vein
27. Which woman is most likely to have the highest CO during a peak exercise effort?
a. 20 year old, aerobic athlete
b. 60 year old, aerobic athlete
c. 20 year old, inactive adult
d. 60 year old, inactive adult
28. If systemic BP = 100/70 mmHg, the left _____ pressure needs to be > _____ mmHg to pump blood out of the heart.
a. Ventricle – 100
b. Atrium – 70
c. Atrium – 100
d. Ventricle – 70
29. Which of these is a scientifically well-supported risk factor for asthma?
a. Family history
b. Damp, mold in the home
c. Lower respiratory track infections in childhood
d. All of these
30. The ________ controls blood vessel diameters.
a. Somatic motor system
b. Parasympathetic system only
c. Sympathetic system only
d. Both parasympathetic & sympathetic systems
31. In Fig. C, smokers who quit _____, and they had a higher probability of living longer than ______.
a. Regained destroyed alveoli – non-smokers
b. Slowed their decline in vital capacity – smokers who didn’t quit
c. Improved HDL & LDL profiles – non-smokers
d. Worsened their atherosclerosis – smokers who didn’t quit
32. ______ may be caused by heart valves damaged by atherosclerosis or an infection.
a. Anemia
b. Chronic bronchitis
c. Heart murmur
d. High cardiac output
33. Which elevation has the lowest atmospheric PO2, thus making it difficult to get enough O2 to function normally?
a. 25,000 ft
b. 15,000 ft
c. 5,000 ft
d. 0 ft
34. The conduction fibers of the heart (eg. Purkinje fibers) _________ than regular cardiac muscle cells.
a. Have a larger diameter
b. Are shorter
c. Have more myofibrils
d. Are less excitable
Biology 118, Exam 4, Version A, Autumn 2015
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35. If the blood going into capillaries around muscle tissue has a PO2 = 80 mmHg, and the muscle tissue has a PO2 = 20
mmHg, what is the PO2 of blood exiting the muscle?
a. 80
b. 20
c. 60
d. 100
36. In Fig. G, metabolically “unhealthy” individuals have a significantly ______ risk of death or cardiovascular events
compared to healthy individuals, most likely because of elevated blood _______ in the “unhealthy” group.
a. Higher – flow
b. Higher – glucose or lipids
c. Lower – hemoglobin
d. Lower – albumins
37. On average, ____ have the highest maximum peak airflow (max speed of exhaled air) because of _______.
a. Men – bigger diameter airways
b. Women – stronger abdominal muscles
c. Men – smaller lung volumes
d. Women – larger diameter alveoli
38. Which blood vessel carries highly oxygenated blood?
a. Coronary vein
b. Pulmonary artery
c. Vena cava
d. Pulmonary vein
39. Which muscles contract along with the diaphragm to do a forceful, deep inhalation?
a. Abdominal muscles below the ribs
b. Sternocleidomastoids in the neck
c. Internal intercostals in the ribs
d. Hamstrings in the thigh
40. The parasympathetic system releases _____ at pacemaker cells of the heart, & this causes _____ channels to open.
a. Ach – K+
b. NE – Ca2+
c. Ach – Ca2+
d. NE – Na+
41. The lines ______ in Fig. E show heart failure because of the _____ stroke volume at higher end diastolic volumes.
a. M & N – increasing
b. M & N – decreasing
c. O & P – increasing
d. O & P - decreasing
42. An alveolar pressure = _____will create the largest volume of exhaled air, if the atmospheric pressure = 750 mmHg.
a. 748 mmHg
b. 752 mmHg
c. 755 mmHg
d. 745 mmHg
43. Which of these acts as the primary pacemaker to “start” a heart contraction?
a. Purkinje fibers
b. AV bundle
c. AV node
d. SA node
Biology 118, Exam 4, Version A, Autumn 2015
44. Arterioles are able to regulate their diameter ________ to ensure _________.
a. automatically – stable blood flow
b. to store blood – adequate blood reserves
c. automatically – adequate blood reserves
d. to store blood – stable blood flow
45. The small diameter of _____ increases their resistance to air flow, & their lack of _____ makes them “collapsible”.
a. Bronchi - cartilage
b. Trachea - cilia
c. Bronchioles - cartilage
d. Larynx - cilia
46. Cardiac muscle cells use _____ in the ______ to attach tightly to other cardiac muscle cells.
a. Special proteins – intercalated discs
b. Gap junctions – intercalated discs
c. Collagen fibers – heart “strings”
d. Elastic fibers – heart “strings”
47. Which does NOT increase during moderate exercise in a healthy adult?
a. RMV
b. CO
c. Diastolic BP
d. Diameter of bronchi
48. Which of these may inhibit the actions of cilia in the respiratory system?
a. Cold air
b. Sympathetic system
c. Moist air
d. Dust particles
49. Which event causes the pacemaker cell to reach threshold & trigger an action potential?
a. K+ out of cell
b. Na+ into cell
c. Ca2+ out of cell
d. Ca2+ out of SR
50. Individuals with emphysema have ______.
a. A larger dead air volume
b. Difficulty exhaling air
c. More elastic fibers around the alveoli
d. Bronchiole muscles that constrict
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