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Transcript
Human Anatomy The Heart Worksheet By learning and understanding all of the items on this outline (after you fill it in), you will be prepared to answer test questions on this chapter. Consider this your Study Guide to the Heart. Place your hand over your heart. As you feel the beat of this muscular organ, think about what it does to sustain life for you. It is the force behind the pumping of blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and the pumping of blood to deliver oxygen and nutrients to your entire body. In one year the heart pumps an estimated 1 million gallons of blood and beats approximately 40 million times. A daily estimate is 2,700 gallons of blood pumped and I 00,000 beats! Add the fact that blood is pumped through an estimated 60,000 miles of vessels in your body, and the heart becomes even more phenomenal. The heart has fascinated and intrigued man for centuries and still today is linked with human emotions. You r goal in this chapter is to learn the gross anatomy and functions of the heart and its structures, how blood moves through the heart, and circulation patterns. 1: Explain the orientation and location of the heart in the human body Describe the physical characteristics, orientation, and location of the heart in the mediastinum Distinguish the apex from the base Name the structures that the heart contacts inferiorly, laterally, posteriorly and anteriorly Define mediastinum. 2: Explain systemic, pulmonary, and coronary circuits Define artery and vein Describe be t he heart as being organized into two pumps Define and summarize the pathway of systemic circulation Define and summarize the pathway of pulmonary circulation. Define and summarize the pathway of coronary circulation 3: Describe the gross anatomy of the heart Define pericardium, and distinguish visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, and pericardial sac Name the layers of the heart wall, from external to internal, including tissue components of each layer Describe the surface anatomy of the heart Name the four chambers of the heart and list structural features of each Distinguish between the following: • Atrium and auricle • Atrium and ventricle • Pectinate muscle and trabeculae carnea D:¥840964293.doc Human Anatomy • Trabeculae carnea and papillary muscle • Bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve 4: Describe blood flow through the heart and include valves and heart sounds Trace a drop of blood from the right atrium back to the right atrium Review pulmonary and systemic pathways Define and describe the heartbeat Name the four valves; describe their locations, structures, and functions Explain the cause of the first and second heart sounds-"lub" and "dub" indicating the location on the anterior chest wall for best observations using a stethoscope. Describe the cardiac skeleton structural support of the AV valves, including functions. 5: Describe cardiac muscle tissue Discuss the structure of cardiac muscle tissue. Describe the function of cardiac muscle tissue, including the role of intercalated discs Compare cardiac muscle tissue to skeletal muscle tissue. 6: Describe the conduction system, and explain innervation to the heart Discuss the initiation of the heartbeat. (Is innervation needed?) Distinguish heartbeat from heart rate. Draw a frontally sectioned heart, and label parts of the conduction system. List the sequence of events in conduction of an electrical impulse from the SA node to Purkinje fibers, including contraction of chambers. Name the kind of tissue that composes the conduction system. Describe the effects on the heart of innervation by parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers. 7: Describe blood supply to and from the heart muscle Name the vessels that supply the heart with oxygenated blood Name the vessels that drain the heart muscle of deoxygenated blood Indicate where venous blood of the heart m muscle joins systemic venous blood Trace the pathway of a drop of blood from the myocardium back to the myocardium 8: Examine common disorders of the heart Describe conditions, causes, and symptoms of disorders of the heart: coronary artery disease, heart failure, valve failure and heart attack D:¥840964293.doc