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Name: _______________________________________ Group: ______________ Date: ___________ Chapter 5 Study Guide : Your test is January 30, 2104 Chapter summaries CHAPTER 5 Electricity and magnetism 1 WHAT IS ELECTRICITY? •How is an electric charge formed? Negatively charged vs. Positively charged particles? • The elementary charge is the charge carried by a single electron or proton. It has a value of 1.602 x 10–19 C (p. 141). • The coulomb is the unit of measurement for electrical charge. One coulomb is equal to the charge of 6.25 x 1018 electrons or protons (p. 141). Could you calculate the number of individual charges/coulomb using these values? • Charging an object consists in creating an imbalance in the electrical charge of that object (p. 142). • What is the difference between conductors and insulators? Could you identify these types of materials in different scenarios? • An electrical field is the area of space in which the electrical force of a charged body can act on another charged body (p. 144). How do charges react to one another? Like charges? Opposite charges? 2 STATIC ELECTRICITY • Static electricity describes all the phenomena related to electrical charges at rest (p. 145). © ERPI Reproduction and adaptation permitted solely for classroom use with Observatory. • An object can be charged in various ways: by friction, by conduction or by induction (p. 146). Can you identify these three methods of charging in different scenarios? 3 DYNAMIC ELECTRICITY • What is it? What is electric current? • Current intensity is the number of charges that flow past a given point in an electrical circuit every second (p. 151). • The potential difference is the amount of energy transferred between two points in an electrical circuit (p. 152). • Electrical resistance is the ability of a material to hinder the flow of electric current (p. 153). What are the factors that increase electrical resistance and how does this affect current intensity? • Ohm’s law states that, for a given resistance, the potential difference in an electrical circuit is directly proportional to the current intensity (p. 154). Can you use the different formulas seen in class to solve problems? Observatory / Guide 11129-B 1 Chapter summaries CHAPTER 5 Electricity and magnetism Name: _______________________________________ Group: ______________ Date: ___________ • What is the difference between series and parallel circuits? Can you draw recognize circuit diagrams? Can you interpret circuit diagrams and find the missing values, V, I or R, in order to solve a problem? Could you create and interpret graphs that relate the different variables seen when studying electric circuits (V, I, R, or P) Can you design a procedure for the lab that would test the validity of these laws? Can you explain using your knowledge of current intensity, potential difference and resistance? 4 WHAT IS MAGNETISM? • Magnetism describes all the phenomena caused by magnets (p. 163). • A magnet is an object that can attract other objects containing iron, cobalt or nickel (p. 163). • All magnets have a north-seeking and a south-seeking pole. The north pole of a magnet is the end that naturally seeks the Earth’s magnetic pole near the geographic North Pole. The other end of the magnet is its south pole (pp. 165–166). • A magnetic field is the area of space in which the magnetic force of a magnet can act on another magnet (p. 166). Are you capable of drawing and identifying magnetic fields? Could you identify and interpret magnetic forces of attraction and repulsion? 5 ELECTROMAGNETISM • Electromagnetism describes all the phenomena resulting from the interaction between electricity and magnetism (p. 167). (Electric charges and magnetic poles are not the same thing!) • A solenoid is a cylindrical coil of live wire (p. 169). • To transform a solenoid into an electromagnet, a ferromagnetic substance is inserted inside the solenoid, creating a core (p. 170). • Electromagnetic induction consists in generating an electric current in a conductor by varying a magnetic field around that conductor (p. 171). Could you use the left/right hand rule to figure out the direction of a magnetic field on a straight wire? A solenoid? Could you explain how to increase the strength of a magnetic field on an electromagnet? Are you capable of drawing magnetic field lines for straight wires? Solenoids? Could you explain and interpret the function of an electromagnet that is incorporated in the electric circuit of a technical object? 2