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Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 2, Lesson 1: What are some forms of energy? Energy – The ability to do work or to cause change Electrical energy – the movement of electrical charges Light energy – Energy we can see Heat – the transfer of energy from a warmer object to a colder object Mechanical energy – Energy that motion or position gives to an object (move or lift) Potential energy – stored energy (when you are standing still) Chemical energy – the stored energy in food, fuels, and batteries Kinetic energy – the energy of motion (potential energy can change into kinetic energy) Lesson 2: How do electric charges flow in a circuit? Atoms – tiny building blocks that make up all matter Positive particles + Negative particles – Electric current – an electric charge in motion Circuit – a current in which electric charges flow in a loop Power source – the place from which the power comes Conductor – a material through which an electric charge can move through easily (most metals) Insulators – a material through which an electric charge may not move through (rubber, glass, plastic, wood) Series circuits – an electric charge flows in only one circular path. Any break in the path will stop the current from flowing. Parallel circuit – electric charges run through 2 or more paths Lesson 3: What is Magnetism? Magnetic Field – the space around a magnet in which magnetic forces operate Magnetic poles – the two ends of a magnet The north pole attracts to the south end, but same poles repel each other Magnetic domains – groups of lined up atoms and magnetic fields Magnetic compass – a tool that helps tell direction. The needle points to the north due to earth’s magnetic field Lesson 4: How are electricity and magnetism transformed? Electricity and magnetism are related Hans Christian Oersted – discovered that a magnetic needle moved when he was running an electric current through a wire Michael Faraday – invented the first electric motor Electromagnet – a magnet that works only when electricity is provided (they are in doorbells, computers, and DVD players. You can make them stronger or weaker. Motors use electromagnets to create motion. A motor changes electrical energy into mechanical energy. Generator – a machine that produces electric energy by turning coils of wire around powerful magnets