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Name:____KEY_________________________________ Period:_______ ECOLOGY REVIEW SHEET (TURN IN TOMORROW FOR +10 ON YOUR EXAM) Use your Ecology Notes to help answer the following questions. 1. Define the following words: a. Producer ( Autotroph ) – organism that makes its own food (ex. Plants) b. Consumer ( Heterotroph ) – . organism that gets its energy directly or indirectly from producers (ex. Animals) 2. Use the Food Web below to answer the questions that follow (no notes – on your own) Seals Killer Whales Birds Blue whales Krill Fish Algae Using the food web above, decide which organisms are a. Producers (1): algae b. primary consumers (3): fish, krill, blue whales c. secondary consumers (5): fish, blue whales, birds, killer whales, seals d. both primary and secondary consumers (2): fish, blue whales Using the food web above answer the following question. 3. If the population of fish tripled what could happen to the number of birds and seals? They would increase as there would be a reduction in competition; more food for them 4. What % of stored energy would the birds have if the producers start with 100%? 1% or .1% 1 5. Define the following words: Decomposers - organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead, organic matter (ex. Fungi and Bacteria) Biosphere - region of the Earth that supports life (includes all the land, water and air in which organisms live) Ecology - study of organisms and their interactions with the environment Food Web - interconnecting and overlapping food chains Population - all the members of a single species that live in one area Community - all the populations that live and interact in one environment Use the Ecological Pyramid & Biological Magnification Notes to help answer the following questions. 6. What is biological magnification? The buildup of a pollutant in organisms at higher tropic levels in a food chain 7. Does the concentration of pollutants increase or decrease as you move up the trophic levels of a food chain? It increases 8. What is biomass? Total mass (amount of living tissue) of all the organisms within a given trophic level 9. What is an ecological pyramid? Shows the relationships between producers and consumers at the trophic levels in an ecosystem 10. What is the 10% law? Energy available at each trophic level is about 1/10 the energy available from the level below 11. As you move up the ecological pyramid what happens to the number of organisms and the amount of biomass (energy)? Does it increase or decrease? They both decrease 12. What organisms are typically found on the bottom of the pyramid (producers or consumers)? Producers 2 13. If 7000 units of energy is available at the first level of a pyramid, how much energy would be available at the following levels: 2nd: _700_________ 3rd: _70____________ 4th 3rd 2nd 4th: _7______________ 1st 14. What is the ultimate source of energy for all organisms in an ecosystem? SUN Use the Symbiosis Notes to help answer the following questions. 15. Define symbiosis. When one species lives in close association with another species over a period of time 16. For each of the types of symbiosis below give the definition and an example: a. Parasitism – Relationship where one species is helped and the other is harmed Ex. Tick/Dog b. Mutualism – Relationship in which both species benefit Ex. Honeybees/flowers c. Commensalism – Relationship in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped Ex. Whale/Barnacle 3 Use your Cycle Notes to answer the following questions. Condensation Precipitation Condensation Transpiration Evaporation 17. The process where water is evaporated from plants. Transpiration 18. The process where water that collects in the form of a cloud. Condensation 19. What type of organism takes in carbon dioxide and uses the carbon to build carbohydrates during photosynthesis? Plants (producers) 20. What other process (that animals and plants perform) besides photosynthesis, recycles carbon through the atmosphere? Respiration 4 Lightning fixation 21. What are bacteria called that are found in the roots of plants that change nitrogen in the atmosphere into a form of nitrogen that plants can use? Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria 21. What other way can nitrogen be fixed? Lightning Use the Biome Charts to help answer the following questions. 22. Name 2 examples of abiotic (nonliving) factors in an environment. Temperature and precipitation 23. Name 2 examples of biotic (living) factors in an environment. Plants and Animals 24. Match the names of the biomes with the descriptions below. Biome Name __ A.__Tropical Savanna___________ B.__Desert____________________ C.__Temperate Grass Land_______ D.___Tundra____________________ Description_________ Seasonal rainfall Warm temperatures Home to hyenas, elephants, zebras Receives less than 25 cm rain per year Hot days and cool nights One rainy season Fertile soil Wheat, corn, grains grown well here Very cold biome that has layer of permafrost 5 Dry summers and moist winters E._Temperate Woodland & Shrubland Has mesquite trees and wildflowers Use Ecological Succession Notes to help answer the following questions. 25. When observing an area where Primary Succession is occurring, like after a glacier melts or a volcano erupts, what type of organism(s) would be the pioneer species? Lichens and other ground hugging plants 26. After what types of disasters would you observe Secondary Succession? Forest fires, tornadoes, hurricanes Use the Limiting Factor Notes to help answer the following questions. 27. Define limiting factor. any biotic or abiotic factor in an environment that limits the size of a population 28. Name 2 things that can be limiting factors to an animal. Food, water, disease, overhunting, fires, natural disasters, etc. 29. Define density-dependent limiting factor. factors that become limiting only when the number of organisms per unit space reaches a certain level – disease, competition, and predation 30. Name 3 density-independent limiting factors. factors that affect all populations in the same way, regardless of their density – Weather, Natural Disasters, and Human Activity 31. Define habitat. type of environment in which a particular species lives 32. List the 4 components of a habitat. Food, water, shelter & space 6