Download Ecology Review Sheet. KEY

Name:____KEY_________________________________
Period:_______
ECOLOGY REVIEW SHEET
(TURN IN TOMORROW FOR +10 ON YOUR EXAM)
Use your Ecology Notes to help answer the following questions.
1. Define the following words:
a. Producer ( Autotroph ) – organism that makes its own food (ex. Plants)
b. Consumer ( Heterotroph ) – . organism that gets its energy directly or
indirectly from producers (ex. Animals)
2. Use the Food Web below to answer the questions that follow (no notes – on
your own)
Seals
Killer Whales
Birds
Blue whales
Krill
Fish
Algae
Using the food web above, decide which organisms are
a. Producers (1): algae
b. primary consumers (3): fish, krill, blue whales
c. secondary consumers (5): fish, blue whales, birds, killer whales, seals
d. both primary and secondary consumers (2): fish, blue whales
Using the food web above answer the following question.
3. If the population of fish tripled what could happen to the number of birds and seals?
They would increase as there would be a reduction in competition; more food for
them
4. What % of stored energy would the birds have if the producers start with 100%? 1%
or .1%
1
5. Define the following words:
Decomposers - organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead,
organic matter (ex. Fungi and Bacteria)
Biosphere - region of the Earth that supports life (includes all the land, water and
air in which organisms live)
Ecology - study of organisms and their interactions with the environment
Food Web - interconnecting and overlapping food chains
Population - all the members of a single species that live in one area
Community - all the populations that live and interact in one environment
Use the Ecological Pyramid & Biological Magnification Notes to help answer the
following questions.
6. What is biological magnification? The buildup of a pollutant in organisms at
higher tropic levels in a food chain
7. Does the concentration of pollutants increase or decrease as you move up the
trophic levels of a food chain? It increases
8. What is biomass? Total mass (amount of living tissue) of all the organisms within
a given trophic level
9. What is an ecological pyramid? Shows the relationships between producers and
consumers at the trophic levels in an ecosystem
10. What is the 10% law? Energy available at each trophic level is about 1/10 the
energy available from the level below
11. As you move up the ecological pyramid what happens to the number of
organisms and the amount of biomass (energy)? Does it increase or decrease?
They both decrease
12. What organisms are typically found on the bottom of the pyramid (producers or
consumers)? Producers
2
13. If 7000 units of energy is available at the first level of a pyramid, how much
energy would be available at the following levels:
2nd: _700_________
3rd: _70____________
4th
3rd
2nd
4th: _7______________
1st
14. What is the ultimate source of energy for all organisms in an ecosystem?
SUN
Use the Symbiosis Notes to help answer the following questions.
15. Define symbiosis. When one species lives in close association with another
species over a period of time
16. For each of the types of symbiosis below give the definition and an example:
a. Parasitism – Relationship where one species is helped and the other is
harmed
Ex. Tick/Dog
b. Mutualism – Relationship in which both species benefit
Ex. Honeybees/flowers
c. Commensalism – Relationship in which one species benefits and the other
is neither harmed nor helped
Ex. Whale/Barnacle
3
Use your Cycle Notes to answer the following questions.
Condensation
Precipitation
Condensation
Transpiration
Evaporation
17. The process where water is evaporated from plants. Transpiration
18. The process where water that collects in the form of a cloud. Condensation
19. What type of organism takes in carbon dioxide and uses the carbon to build
carbohydrates during photosynthesis? Plants (producers)
20. What other process (that animals and plants perform) besides photosynthesis,
recycles carbon through the atmosphere? Respiration
4
Lightning
fixation
21. What are bacteria called that are found in the roots of plants that change nitrogen
in the atmosphere into a form of nitrogen that plants can use?
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria
21. What other way can nitrogen be fixed?
Lightning
Use the Biome Charts to help answer the following questions.
22. Name 2 examples of abiotic (nonliving) factors in an environment.
Temperature and precipitation
23. Name 2 examples of biotic (living) factors in an environment.
Plants and Animals
24. Match the names of the biomes with the descriptions below.
Biome Name
__
A.__Tropical Savanna___________
B.__Desert____________________
C.__Temperate Grass Land_______
D.___Tundra____________________
Description_________
Seasonal rainfall
Warm temperatures
Home to hyenas, elephants, zebras
Receives less than 25 cm rain per year
Hot days and cool nights
One rainy season
Fertile soil
Wheat, corn, grains grown well here
Very cold biome that has layer of
permafrost
5
Dry summers and moist winters
E._Temperate Woodland & Shrubland Has mesquite trees and wildflowers
Use Ecological Succession Notes to help answer the following questions.
25. When observing an area where Primary Succession is occurring, like after a
glacier melts or a volcano erupts, what type of organism(s) would be the pioneer
species? Lichens and other ground hugging plants
26. After what types of disasters would you observe Secondary Succession?
Forest fires, tornadoes, hurricanes
Use the Limiting Factor Notes to help answer the following questions.
27. Define limiting factor. any biotic or abiotic factor in an environment that limits the
size of a population
28. Name 2 things that can be limiting factors to an animal. Food, water, disease,
overhunting, fires, natural disasters, etc.
29. Define density-dependent limiting factor. factors that become limiting only when
the number of organisms per unit space reaches a certain level – disease,
competition, and predation
30. Name 3 density-independent limiting factors. factors that affect all populations in
the same way, regardless of their density – Weather, Natural Disasters, and
Human Activity
31. Define habitat. type of environment in which a particular species lives
32. List the 4 components of a habitat. Food, water, shelter & space
6