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Slide 1 of 24 2. Write word equations and skeleton equations for chemical reactions. Slide 2 of 24 11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions On May 6, 1937, the huge airship Hindenburg erupted into a fireball. Within a short time, 210,000 cubic meters of hydrogen had burned and the airship was destroyed. The chemical reaction that occurred is “hydrogen combines with oxygen to produce water.” You will learn to represent this chemical reaction by a chemical equation. Slide 3 of 37 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall • Chemical reactions: – The formations of new substances with properties different than the original substances – Bonds are broken and reformed: matter is rearranged – The law of conservation of mass applies: matter is not created or destroyed Slide 4 of 24 reactants → products – Reactants are listed on left side of the arrow – Arrow means “yields” or reacts to produce – Products listed on right Slide 5 of 24 • Word equations: – names of reactants and products are given: oxygen + glucose → water + carbon dioxide water + carbon dioxide → oxygen + glucose Slide 6 of 24 11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions > Writing Chemical Equations Methane + Oxygen Æ Carbon dioxide + Water Slide 7 of 37 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions > Writing Chemical Equations iron + oxygen → iron(III) oxide Slide 8 of 37 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions > Writing Chemical Equations Hydrogen Peroxide Æ Water and Oxygen Slide 9 of 37 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall • Write a word equation for the reaction. Na(s) + H2O(l) → NaOH(aq) + H2(g) – Solid sodium reacts with water to form aqueous sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Slide 10 of 24 • Writing chemical equations – Formulas of reactants go on left of arrow, products on right – Chemical formulas must be written correctly! – A double arrow indicates a reversible reaction Slide 11 of 24 11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions > Writing Chemical Equations Slide 12 of 24 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall – Physical states of substances are indicated by abbreviations: (g) = gas (aq) = aqueous (dissolved in H2O) (s) = solid (l) = liquid Slide 13 of 24 – Catalysts • Speed up a reaction (lowers the activation energy) without being used in the reaction • Formula of catalyst is written above the arrow – If heat is supplied to reaction: Slide 14 of 24 11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions > Writing Chemical Equations A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the reaction but is not used up in the reaction. Without Catalyst With Catalyst Slide 15 of 24 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Describing Chemical Reactions > Writing Chemical Equations Animation 12 Relate chemical symbols and formulas to the information they communicate. Slide 16 of 24 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall • Skeleton equations: – Unbalanced equations (no coefficients) – 1st step in writing a correct equation – Formulas of reactants and products are written correctly! (just not with the relative amounts using coefficients yet) – Indicates the state of each substance Slide 17 of 24 • Writing chemical formulas: – Remember diatomic elements – Remember polyatomic ions – Balance the charges in formula units (ionic compounds) – Roman Numerals indicate the charge on an ion – Prefixes indicate number of atoms in molecules (covalent compounds) Slide 18 of 24 • Write a skeleton equation for the following reaction: – Sulfur burns in oxygen to form sulfur dioxide gas. Slide 19 of 24 Use the table on pg. 257 for help with the formula for the polyatomic ion “hydrogen carbonate”. Slide 20 of 24 Slide 21 of 24 11.1 Section Quiz. Propane gas reacts with oxygen to produce water vapor and carbon dioxide. Choose the correct word equation for this reaction. A. propane + carbon dioxide → water + oxygen B. propane + oxygen + water → carbon dioxide C. propane + oxygen + water + carbon dioxide D. propane + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide Slide 22 of 24 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 11.1 Section Quiz. Which of the following is a skeleton equation? A. H2 + CO → CH3OH B. 2H2 + CO → CH3OH C. 2H2 + CO2 → CH3OH D. hydrogen + carbon monoxide → methanol Slide 23 of 24 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall • Read 11.1 pg. 321‐329 • Q’s 38‐40, pg. 347 • GRSW: due next Fri. (Feb 4th) Slide 24 of 24