Download Nervous System

Nervous System
Complete the nervous system fact sheet
The
nervous
system
works by
chemical
or
electrical
impulses
Be familiar with the parts of a neuron!
The axon of
one neuron
connects to
the dendrite
of another.
The space
between the
axon &
dendrite is a
synapse.
Neurotransmitters travel through the synapse
from the axon terminal to the dendrite, continuing
the message in the new neuron.
Nervous System Video
Nervous system: Crash Couse
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPix_X-9t7E
Be familiar with the parts & functions of the brain!
Endocrine System
Endocrine System: A collection of
glands that produce hormones that
regulate metabolism, growth and
development, tissue function, sexual
function, reproduction, sleep, and
mood, among other things.
Endocrine
System
Video
Crash Course:
Endocrine system
(1:39-6:04)
https://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=eWHH9je2
zG4
Glands of the
Endocrine
system
Function of each gland:
• Pituitary gland – regulates other endocrine
glands; secretes growth hormone.
• Thyroid – regulates metabolic rate.
• Thymus – assists in development of immune
system.
• Adrenal gland – regulates fluid and sodium
balance; emergency warning system under stress.
• Ovary – controls development of secondary sex
characteristics and functioning of sex organs.
• Testis - controls development of secondary sex
characteristics and functioning of sex organs.
• Pancreatic islets – helps regulate blood sugar.
• Pineal gland - believed to regulate biorhythms
and moods and stimulate the onset of puberty.
Who’s the boss??
• Pituitary gland –
regulates other
endocrine glands;
secretes growth
hormone.
I’m hungry!
Thyroid –
regulates
metabolic rate
Fight or flight!
Adrenal gland –
regulates fluid and
sodium balance;
emergency warning
system under stress
SUGAR!
Pancreas – helps
regulate blood
sugar.
Groovy Baby
Ovary & Testis –
controls development of
secondary sex
characteristics and
functioning of sex organs.
Key steps in the endocrine
system:
1.Endocrine glands secrete a
hormone into your blood
2.The bloodstream carries the
hormones to a specific location
(organ or receptor)
3.The hormones give specific
instructions to your body
Thumbs up or thumbs down
1. The endocrine system in our bodies is like
the mail system, and hormones are like
letters that get delivered by our
bloodstream.
2. Hormones go to a specific place in our body
and tell our body what to do.
3. The thymus gland helps regulate your
metabolism.
4. Your pancreas helps regulate blood sugar
levels.
5. The hypothalamus is the boss of the
endocrine system.
True!
True!
False!
True!
False!
Endocrine System –
Mail system matching
Endocrine
System
Bloodstream
Hormone
Organ or
receptor
Endocrine
gland
Mail System
Mailbox or
target
destination
Message or
letter
Person who
wrote the
letter
Mail carrier
Endocrine System –
Mail system matching
Endocrine
System
Bloodstream
Hormone
Organ or
receptor
Endocrine
gland
Mail System
Mailbox or
target
destination
Message or
letter
Person who
wrote the
letter
Mail carrier
Feedback Loops
Negative feedback
Negative Feedback is a reaction that
causes a decrease in function in
order to return the body to its
original state (homeostasis!!!)
◦Partially controlled by hormones
◦Ultimately controlled by the
nervous system
Negative feedback
Occurs in three steps:
1. Sensor detects change in environment
2. Regulatory Center activates an effector
3. Effector reverses the changes
25
Regulation of
Body
Temperature
Regulation
of blood
sugar level
What do you notice
about all of the
negative feedback
images???
They are all
circular!
Positive feedback
Process that continues to amplify your body’s
response to a stimulus. Opposite of negative
feedback!
Non Science Example - You study and do really
well on a test. Your parents are proud and your
teacher compliments you on your work,
spurring you to work harder and get even better
grades. As your grades improve, you try even
harder and find your grades getting better &
better.
Positive feedback
Positive Feedback:
◦Does not result in equilibrium
◦Does not occur as often as
negative feedback
Examples:
◦Childbirth
◦Blood Clotting
Feedback Animation
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_campbell_biol
ogy_7/media/interactivemedia/activities/load.html?
1&E
Immune
System
Organs
Major Organs
Two systems: Innate & Acquired
Innate
Acquired
Innate Immunity
Immediate defenses you are born
with that prevent/fight infection
• Always ready
• Non-specific defense
• Ex. Skin, mucus, chemicals in
blood
Innate Immunity
Phagocytes (eating cells) – cells that
engulf pathogens
• Macrophages
• Inhibits the spread of a virus or cancer
Innate Immunity
• Inflammation
• Histamine is a chemical signaling molecule
stored in mast cells
• Causes enhanced blood flow to the
infection site – (aka redness, heat and
swelling)
• Attracts phagocytes – makes pus (filled with
white blood cells)
Acquired (Adaptive) Immunity
◉ Called into action against pathogens that
have penetrated your innate immune
defences.
◉ Use specialized defense cells (T-cells & Bcells) that “adapt” to the presence of
infectious agents.
◉ These cells have an immunological
memory – they remember specific foreign
molecules called antigens.
Innate vs. Acquired Practice
Innate =
Acquired =
1. Your skin blocking a virus from
entering.
2. Killer T-Cells targeting a specific
infected cell.
3. Macrophages engulfing pathogens.
4. Requires some time to get ready.
5. Mucus lining blocking a pathogen.
6. Body defense that is always ready.
Cell-mediated
Why does your response
Cell-mediated:
body
Kills infected
need &
Humoral
response
both
cells
the Cell-mediated
Antibody-mediated:
response
and the AntibodyKills
mediated response?
pathogens
Key vocabulary
Macrophage: Non-specific cells that engulf
pathogens
B-Cells: Produce antibodies
Pathogen: Name for any disease causing
microorganism
Antibodies: Recognize and bind to pathogens,
making them a target for destruction by macrophages
Memory B-Cells: Remember a specific pathogen so
that your body produces faster antibodies in future
infections
Killer T-Cells: Kill specific infected cells
Helper T-Cells: Activate and recruit other cells to help
defend the body
How do vaccines work??
Based on what we just annotated, how do you
think vaccines are related to our body’s immune
response?
Immunity & Vaccines explained:
◉
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=pOzWoetMkqQ