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Exemplar for internal assessment resource Science for Achievement Standard 90942 The transfer of energy in an earthquake When an earthquake occurs energy is transferred, from where the rocks break, and travels throughout the world. The bigger the quake the further from the epicentre the waves will travel. There are two types of earthquake wave generated during an earth quake. They carry energy away from the earthquake epicentre. Body Waves: Body waves and surface waves are the two types of seismic waves formed during great earthquakes. P waves and S waves are called body waves because they travel through the body of the Earth. The p-wave: Every earthquake creates P waves and S waves. P waves travel away from the focus of an earthquake where the rocks first fractured by compressing and expanding the rocks as they travel through solids, liquids and gases. P waves travel through all parts of the Earth. These waves are the fastest moving waves at 8kms-1. The s-wave: S-waves travel in a motion similar to a rope held tight at one end while the other end is lifted rapidly back and forth. S-waves only travel through solids and do not travel through the liquid outer core of the Earth. These waves move at 5kms-1. © NZQA 2015 Exemplar for internal assessment resource Science for Achievement Standard 90942 Surface waves: Body waves and surface waves are the two types of seismic waves formed during great earthquakes. When body waves reach the surface of the earth they interact to make surface waves. There are two main surface waves, the Rayleigh-Love waves. Rayleigh-Love Waves Love waves move back and forth in the direction they are traveling. Take a slinky and lay it on a table and make waves that move through the slinky as you move it back and forth. This is similar to the action of Love waves. These waves are highly destructive. They lift, drop buildings, and twist buildings, and especially damage stone buildings like the cathedral. These waves move at 4kms-1. © NZQA 2015