Download Kingdom Plantae

Kingdom Plantae
• Plants are members of the
kingdom Plantae whose cells are
_____________________(have a
nucleus), have a cell wall made of
________________and contains
chloroplasts with pigments such
as chlorophyll a and b that help
the plant to carry out
photosynthesis.
KEY CONCEPT
Plant life began in the water and became adapted to
land.
Early Plants
• They were very similar to algae that
we are familiar with. They were
dependent on
__________________ for
reproduction, and only with the
evolution of the _______________
were plants able to survive on dry
land.
Plant Kingdom
Non-flowering
Plants
Flowering Plants
(Angiosperms)
Non - flowering Plants
Bryophytes
Seedless
Vascular
Spore-producing Plants
Gymnosperms
Seed-producing
Non - flowering Plants
Bryophytes
Seedless
Vascular
Plants
Gymnosperms
Do NOT produce flowers
Mosses and their relatives are
_______________________________
• Nonvascular plants grow close
to the ground to absorb water
and nutrients.
• Seedless plants rely on
_________________________
______ for reproduction.
• Liverworts belong to phylum
Hepatophyta.
– often grow on wet rocks or in
greenhouses
– can be thallose or leafy
Bryophytes
• Appearance
– Mosses: grow in clumps (green mass)
• Anchor
– _______________________
– they have _____________
• Transport
– No vascular tissue so no transport
Bryophytes
• Habitat
– Damp terrestrial environments
• Reproduction
– __________________ form capsules that
are dispersed by the wind
– Requires ____________
• Examples
– Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
20.2 Classification of Plants
TEKS 5B, 7D, 8B, 8C
• Mosses belong to phylum Bryophyta.
– most common seedless nonvascular plants
– sphagnum moss commonly used by humans as “peat”
Bryophyta:
Mosses
Moss
Spore-producing capsule
spores
Liverworts and Hornworts
Liverwort
Hornwort
Seedless Vascular Plants
• Appearance
– Feathery leaves, underground stems
• Anchor
– Roots, underground stems
• Transport
– Vascular tissue (also provides support)
20.2 Classification of Plants
TEKS 5B, 7D, 8B, 8C
Club mosses and ferns are seedless vascular plants.
• A _____________________allows club mosses and
ferns to grow higher off the ground.
• Both need ___________________________water for
reproduction.
• Club mosses belong
to phylum Lycophyta.
– not true mosses
– oldest living group
of vascular plants
20.1 Origins of Plant Life
TEKS 7A, 7E, 8C, 12A
• A vascular system allows resources to move to different
parts of the plant.
–
–
–
–
collection of specialized tissues
brings _____________________nutrients up from roots
disperses ____________________ from the leaves
allows plants to grow higher off the ground
water
and
mineral
nutrients
sugars
21.1 Plant Cells and Tissues
TEKS 5B, 10B, 10C
• Vascular tissue transports water, minerals and organic
compounds.
– two networks of hollow
tubes
– ___________ transports
water and minerals
– ___________ transports
photosynthetic products
stem
leaf
root
21.2 The Vascular System
TEKS 4B, 5B, 10B, 10C
Water and dissolved minerals move through xylem.
• Xylem contains specialized cells.
– vessel elements are short and wide
– tracheid cells are long and narrow
– xylem cells die at maturity
tracheid
vessel
element
21.2 The Vascular System
TEKS 4B, 5B, 10B, 10C
Phloem carries sugars from photosynthesis throughout
the plant.
• Phloem contains specialized cells.
– sieve tube elements have
holes at ends
– companion cells help sieve
tube elements
– unlike xylem, phloem tissue is
alive
21.2 The Vascular System
• Water travels from roots to the top of trees.
– absorption occurs at roots
– cohesion and adhesion in xylem
– transpiration at leaves
TEKS 4B, 5B, 10B, 10C
21.2 The Vascular System
TEKS 4B, 5B, 10B, 10C
• The cohesion-tension theory explains water movement.
– Plants passively transport water through the xylem.
– ___________ is the tendency of water molecules to
bond with each other.
– ________________
is the tendency of
water molecules to
bond with other
substances.
Seedless Vascular Plants
• Habitat
– Damp, shady environments
• Reproduction
– Spores are produced on
___________________________ by the
___________
– Requires ________________
• Examples
– Ferns, horsetails, club mosses
Fern
Young fern leaf (circinate)
Sorus: fern spore-producing
organ
Horsetail
Club moss
Tips of branches
called strobili have
spore bearing parts
on them.
Seed plants include cone-bearing
plants and flowering plants.
• Seed plants have several advantages over their
seedless ancestors.
– can reproduce ________________________________,
via pollination
– ___________
occurs when
pollen meets
female plant
parts
– ___________ nourish and
protect plant embryo
– seeds allow plants to disperse to new places
20.2 Classification of Plants
TEKS 5B, 7D, 8B, 8C
• __________________ do not have seeds enclosed in fruit.
– most gymnosperms are ________________ and
evergreen.
– the cone is reproductive structure of most
gymnosperms.
– ___________ is produced
in _________ cones.
– ____________ are
produced in
___________
cones.
– seeds develop on
scales of female
cones.
Ginko
Cycad
Cycadophyta
Male cone
Female cone
Conifer
Needle-shaped leaves
Male cones
(in clusters)
Female cones
(scattered)
20.2 Classification of Plants
TEKS 5B, 7D, 8B, 8C
• ___________________ have seeds enclosed in some
type of _______________
– A ________________ is the reproductive structure of
angiosperms.
– A __________ is a mature _____________of a flower.
• Angiosperms, or flowering plants, belong in phylum
Anthophyta.
20.3 Diversity of Flowering Plants
TEKS 7B, 7D, 8B
Flowering plants have unique adaptations that allow them
to dominate in today’s world.
• _________________ allow for efficient pollination.
– animals feed on pollen or nectar
– pollen is spread from plant to plant in process