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Making the Connection ► All matter is made up of extremely small particles called ATOMS which are constantly in motion. ► Beyond the nucleus of atoms are ELECTRONS which are negatively charged. ► Electricity is produced when there is a flow of CHARGE. ► Magnetic fields are produced by the motion of electric CHARGE. ► Atoms of iron have moving electrons in them which produce the moving electric CHARGE causing a mini-magnetic field around the atom. ► If enough of these atoms become aligned with each other, a magnetic DOMAIN is created and thus a magnet. ► Electricity and magnetism were regarded as unrelated PHENOMENA until the nineteenth century. ► This changed in 1820 when a Danish science professor, Hans Christian Oersted, discovered a relationship between the two when demonstrating electric currents in front of a class of students. ► When electric current was passed in a wire near a magnetic COMPASS, both Oersted and his students noticed the deflection of the COMPASS needle. ►A few years later, in England, Michael Faraday demonstrated the reverse---a magnetic field produces electricity. ► Faraday’s discovery led to the invention of the first electrical GENERATOR, the magnetic dynamo. ► Once magnets were found to exert FORCES on current-carrying wires, this paved the way for discoveries such as electric MOTORS and power, telegraphs, radio, television, stereos, ETC! ► Faraday is considered by many as the “father” of electricity! Faraday’s Finest pg 14 ► Electrical generators are devices which rotate a coil of wire in a magnetic field to produce ELECTRICITY. ► There are may ways the ROTOR of a generator can be made to turn. ► Electrical motors are very similar to generators, except electricity is used to make MAGNETIC fields which causes the rotor of the motor to turn. ► A= magnet ► B= coil ► C= rotor ► D= wires ►A MOTOR converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. ►A GENERATOR converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. ► What are the major components of motors and generators? Rotating coil or loop magnet ► What are the major components of speakers? A speaker is really just a motor Back to Page 6 ► James Clark Maxwell realized electricity and magnetism are different manifestations of the same phenomena called ELECTROMAGNETISM. ► Maxwell produced a set of four equations which govern every aspect of electric and magnetic PHENOMENA. ► Perhaps one of the most astonishing ramifications of Maxwell’s work was that light was an ELECTROMAGNETIC wave. ► Albert Einstein then theorized light may be taken to be made up of vast amounts of packets of EM radiation.