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Transcript
KINGDOM ANIMALIA Vocabulary 17.8 Adaptation Migration Aggressive mimicry Nocturnal Diurnal Hibernation Estivation Camouflage (cryptic coloration) Protective resemblance Mimicry Self-mimicry Warning coloration Animal Adaptations Adaptation - any characteristic that improves an organism's chance of survival Organisms that are well adapted to their environments are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on those characteristics Structural - body shape or structure (occur slowly over generations) Behavioral - hibernation when conditions are unfavorable or migration to seek a new food source Physiological - internal changes that affect the biochemical reactions of a species (high altitude species being able to survive with less oxygen Adaptations for Attracting a Mate Elaborate courtship displays Display aggressive behavior Peacocks - brightly colored feathers to attract females Frogs - special sounds that they make Adaptations for Obtaining and Eating Food Hunting Grazing Keen senses Different types of beaks Pit Vipers Rattlesnakes Special sense organs on each side of the head that alert the snake to warm blooded prey that is nearby Birds Hawks - Keen eyesight to spot their prey, Talons to grasp their prey, Sharp beak for ripping and eating their prey Finches - short strong beaks for cracking and eating seeds Pelicans - large beaks designed to catch and eat fish Woodpeckers - long sharp beaks for finding insects Migration To warmer climates with more plentiful food supplies Migrate back when conditions improve Birds, bats, fish, whales, elk, butterflies Termites and earthworms migrate deeper to find more favorable living conditions Baleen Whales Filter feeders Have special structures to strain their food out of the water as they swim Herbivores Eat only plants Specially designed teeth to grind grasses and grains Special stomachs to digest them Carnivores Eat other animals Sharp claws and teeth to catch and eat prey Special coloration that camouflages them as they hunt Aggressive Mimicry Lures prey Body of the angler fish resembles a rock Uses part of its spine that looks like a smaller fish Other animals use a scent or other signals to attract prey Nocturnal and Diurnal Nocturnal - active at night and asleep during the day Diurnal - active during the day and asleep at night Nocturnal animals - large eyes to allow them to see their prey at night Keen sense of smell to locate food when it is dark Adaptations for Protection Against Predators Aid in helping the animals avoid danger Night Activity Active at night to avoid predators that are Wake during the day Camouflage (Cryptic Coloring) Blend in with their surroundings Change color as it moves around (chameleon) Change colors seasonally (rabbit) Protective Resemblance Resemble something else to avoid detection (insects) Mimicry Looks like something else that should be avoided Viceroy butterfly looks like the monarch butterfly (tastes bad to birds) Self-mimicry One part of animal looks like another part of its body Looks like large eyes to scare off predators (eye spots - usually on the backs of the wings or at the tail of an insect) May at least entice the predator to attack in a less vulnerable spot Butterfly might lose part of its wing, but not be eaten Warning Coloration Occurs in animals that are poisonous Poison dart frogs Yellow and red Chemical Secretions Substances that taste or smell bad Blister beetle Skunks Cane toads Octopus inks to allow it to escape predation ... Chemical Secretions Cane toads Giant parotid glands Even the tadpoles are poisonous to ingest Hard Shells, Plates, and Spines Porcupine's quills Armadillo's armor Breaking Off Body Parts Lizards Stingers Bees Adaptations for Climate Survival Help animals survive in extreme climates Hibernation Not exposed to predators It's entire metabolism (digestion, respiration, heart rate) slows down Estivation Similar to hibernation Occurs in hot weather instead of cold weather Internal temp is affected by heat Estivation slows breathing and heart rate Doesn't need as much food or water to survive Frogs Reptiles can use 90-95% less energy when estivating Camel Extremely dry climates Conservation of water Regulation of Internal Temp Cold climates - extremely thick fur or extra layers of fat insulation (polar bear) Hot climates - large vascular ears that allow the heat to escape quickly ( ) Questions?