Heliconius wing patterns: an evo-devo model for understanding
... orange/yellow and melanic patches on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the fore and hindwings (H. numata: Brown and Benson, 1974; H. melpomene, H. erato: Sheppard et al, 1985; Mallet, 1989; H. erato/H. himera: Jiggins and McMillan, 1997; H. cydno: Kapan, 1998; H. cydno/H. melpomene: Gilbert, 2 ...
... orange/yellow and melanic patches on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the fore and hindwings (H. numata: Brown and Benson, 1974; H. melpomene, H. erato: Sheppard et al, 1985; Mallet, 1989; H. erato/H. himera: Jiggins and McMillan, 1997; H. cydno: Kapan, 1998; H. cydno/H. melpomene: Gilbert, 2 ...
Polymorphic mimicry in Papilio dardanus: mosaic
... The remaining morphs, although highly distinctive, do not resemble any known species of butterfly and are not believed to be mimics. As many as six of the female morphs may occur together in a given population. Perhaps the most remarkable feature of the female color morphs of P. dardanus is that thei ...
... The remaining morphs, although highly distinctive, do not resemble any known species of butterfly and are not believed to be mimics. As many as six of the female morphs may occur together in a given population. Perhaps the most remarkable feature of the female color morphs of P. dardanus is that thei ...
Mimicry: developmental genes that contribute to speciation
... and are often Müllerian mimics of other Heliconius or ithomiine butterflies (Turner 1984; Sheppard et al. 1985; Mallet et al. 1998). Extensive work has shown that major genes control color pattern differences between geographic races within species (Turner and Crane 1962; Sheppard et al. 1985; Malle ...
... and are often Müllerian mimics of other Heliconius or ithomiine butterflies (Turner 1984; Sheppard et al. 1985; Mallet et al. 1998). Extensive work has shown that major genes control color pattern differences between geographic races within species (Turner and Crane 1962; Sheppard et al. 1985; Malle ...
Flight and Reproduction of Velvetbean Caterpillar Moths in
... Misleadingly simple at first glance, the processes involved in each organism's struggle to survive and successfully reproduce are intricate and amazingly complex when closely examined. The mechanisms of evolution are by no means thoroughly understood even today. For example, are changes in morpholog ...
... Misleadingly simple at first glance, the processes involved in each organism's struggle to survive and successfully reproduce are intricate and amazingly complex when closely examined. The mechanisms of evolution are by no means thoroughly understood even today. For example, are changes in morpholog ...
Butterfly gene flow goes berserk
... Biosciences, University of Exeter, Tremough, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK ...
... Biosciences, University of Exeter, Tremough, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK ...
7.1: Adaptation and Variation
... moderately fire resistant. Mature trees survive most surface fires because they have thick bark, very few branches on their trunks, and moderately deep root systems. a) Identify the adaptations of the Eastern White Pine that would help this species of tree survive and be successful in Ontario. [k/u] ...
... moderately fire resistant. Mature trees survive most surface fires because they have thick bark, very few branches on their trunks, and moderately deep root systems. a) Identify the adaptations of the Eastern White Pine that would help this species of tree survive and be successful in Ontario. [k/u] ...
Butterfly Evolution Patterns
... Bates returned to Britain just as Darwin published On the Origin of Species. Darwin believed Bates’s butterflies were one of the best examples of evolution in the wild, but neither understood how the variation in wing patterns was produced. ...
... Bates returned to Britain just as Darwin published On the Origin of Species. Darwin believed Bates’s butterflies were one of the best examples of evolution in the wild, but neither understood how the variation in wing patterns was produced. ...
Advergence in Mu¨llerian mimicry: the case of the poison dart frogs
... R. imitator, regarding genetic differentiation and phenotypic variability [3,5], were not supported by the results of the present study. Results of this study revealed that, in spite of a clearly distinct aposematic signal [15], R. ventrimaculata and R. variabilis display very low genetic differenti ...
... R. imitator, regarding genetic differentiation and phenotypic variability [3,5], were not supported by the results of the present study. Results of this study revealed that, in spite of a clearly distinct aposematic signal [15], R. ventrimaculata and R. variabilis display very low genetic differenti ...
“Behavioral Adaptations for Survival”. Really about predator/prey
... There are different interactions between organisms -predator-prey parasite-host symbiosis mutualism The interactions relative to predatory-prey and parasite-host involve communication. It is often interesting to analyze whether the communication is honest or deceitful. ...
... There are different interactions between organisms -predator-prey parasite-host symbiosis mutualism The interactions relative to predatory-prey and parasite-host involve communication. It is often interesting to analyze whether the communication is honest or deceitful. ...
Modeling the Evolution of Mimicry
... A novel agent based, artificial life model, for the evolution of mimicry is presented. This model is a predator-prey coevolution scenario where pattern representation phenotype is simulated with Cellular Automata (CA), while behaviors of pattern recognition is configured with Hopfield Network. A vis ...
... A novel agent based, artificial life model, for the evolution of mimicry is presented. This model is a predator-prey coevolution scenario where pattern representation phenotype is simulated with Cellular Automata (CA), while behaviors of pattern recognition is configured with Hopfield Network. A vis ...
remained fairly constant, the present pattern being that of the
... probable that the close resemblance between the males of related species reflects the conservation of an ancestral pattern. The reason for the relative constancy of male pattern may reside in the nature of butterfly courtship. It is known that colour is important in butterfly mating behaviour and Fo ...
... probable that the close resemblance between the males of related species reflects the conservation of an ancestral pattern. The reason for the relative constancy of male pattern may reside in the nature of butterfly courtship. It is known that colour is important in butterfly mating behaviour and Fo ...
Natural Selection
... 3. Catch some long-tailed birds, cut tails and paste back on. Findings: The long-tailed widowbirds were more successful at mating and had more offspring (whether their tails were long naturally or pasted on) ...
... 3. Catch some long-tailed birds, cut tails and paste back on. Findings: The long-tailed widowbirds were more successful at mating and had more offspring (whether their tails were long naturally or pasted on) ...
Worksheet 3 for teachers
... One of the most common types of butterfly that Bates observed in the forests of Amazonia belonged to the family now known as Nymphalidae (we’ll refer to it as Family ‘N’ for short). They have characteristic wide, elongated wings and a slowly flapping flight. They are brightly coloured and patterne ...
... One of the most common types of butterfly that Bates observed in the forests of Amazonia belonged to the family now known as Nymphalidae (we’ll refer to it as Family ‘N’ for short). They have characteristic wide, elongated wings and a slowly flapping flight. They are brightly coloured and patterne ...
View extract - Yale University Press
... produced a facsimile of the dead-leaf pattern. But the eyespots sported by some butterflies are stylised gestures: ‘They represent, if you like, the Expressionist style of nature.’ Then there are patterns whose meaning is established by association. Creatures which are protected by toxicity or power ...
... produced a facsimile of the dead-leaf pattern. But the eyespots sported by some butterflies are stylised gestures: ‘They represent, if you like, the Expressionist style of nature.’ Then there are patterns whose meaning is established by association. Creatures which are protected by toxicity or power ...
Populations
... (models), benefiting from learning experiences of predators with the models. This relationship has been named Batesian mimicry in honor of discoverer Henry Bates. Experimental studies have demonstrated benefits to the mimic: – predators quickly learn to recognize color patterns of unpalatable prey – ...
... (models), benefiting from learning experiences of predators with the models. This relationship has been named Batesian mimicry in honor of discoverer Henry Bates. Experimental studies have demonstrated benefits to the mimic: – predators quickly learn to recognize color patterns of unpalatable prey – ...
Chap 10: Evidence of change Qns: 1,2,3,5,6,7,10,11,13,14 Apply
... 3) Mimicry is a common phenomenon in natural systems in which the mimic seeks to look phenotypically like another organism, the model. The model is either harmful, distasteful or unpalatable to predators. Predators learn to avoid the model and therefore the mimic. It is assumed that the origins of m ...
... 3) Mimicry is a common phenomenon in natural systems in which the mimic seeks to look phenotypically like another organism, the model. The model is either harmful, distasteful or unpalatable to predators. Predators learn to avoid the model and therefore the mimic. It is assumed that the origins of m ...
Relationships in the Ecosystem
... for food. Prey = animal that is eaten by another. Predator / Prey populations will change in response to each other’s population. ...
... for food. Prey = animal that is eaten by another. Predator / Prey populations will change in response to each other’s population. ...
7.1 Adaptation and Variation - Ms. Pasic
... • Species: a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. • Species diversity: the variety and abundance of species in a given area ...
... • Species: a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. • Species diversity: the variety and abundance of species in a given area ...
Mimicry
In evolutionary biology, mimicry is a similarity of one species to another that protects one or both. In the case of prey species, it is a class of antipredator adaptation. This similarity can be in appearance, behaviour, sound or scent. Mimics occur in the same areas as their models.Mimicry occurs when a group of organisms, the mimics, evolve to share perceived characteristics with another group, the models. The evolution is driven by the selective action of a signal-receiver or dupe. Birds, for example, use sight to identify palatable insects (the mimics), whilst avoiding the noxious models.The model is usually another species, except in cases of automimicry. The deceived signal-receiver is typically another organism, such as the common predator of two species. As an interaction, mimicry is in most cases advantageous to the mimic and harmful to the receiver, but may increase, reduce or have no effect on the fitness of the model depending on the situation. The model may be hard to identify: for example, eye spots may not resemble any specific organism's eyes, and camouflage often cannot be attributed to a particular model.Mimicry is related to camouflage, in which a species resembles its surroundings or is otherwise difficult to detect. In particular, mimesis, in which the mimic takes on the properties of a specific object or organism, but one to which the dupe is indifferent, is an area of overlap between camouflage and mimicry. For example, animals such as flower mantises, planthoppers and geometer moth caterpillars that resemble twigs, bark, leaves or flowers are mimetic.p51 The difficulty is sometimes avoided by choosing a different term; ""crypsis"" (in the broad sense) is sometimes used to encompass all forms of avoiding detection, such as mimicry, camouflage and hiding.Though visual mimicry through animal coloration is most obvious to humans, other senses such as olfaction (smell) or hearing may be involved, and more than one type of signal may be employed. Mimicry may involve morphology, behaviour, and other properties. In any case, the signal always functions to deceive the receiver by preventing it from correctly identifying the mimic. In evolutionary terms, this phenomenon is a form of co-evolution usually involving an evolutionary arms race.p161 Mimicry should not be confused with convergent evolution, which occurs when species come to resemble each other by adapting to similar lifestyles. Mimics may have different models for different life cycle stages, or they may be polymorphic, with different individuals imitating different models. Models themselves may have more than one mimic, though frequency dependent selection favors mimicry where models outnumber mimics. Models tend to be relatively closely related organisms, but mimicry of vastly different species is also known. Most known mimics are insects, though many other animal mimics are known. Plants and fungi may also be mimics, though less research has been carried out in this area.