Download SATP-2 KINGDOM ANIMALIA part 3

KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Vocabulary 17.8
Adaptation
Migration
Aggressive mimicry
Nocturnal
Diurnal
Hibernation
Estivation
Camouflage (cryptic coloration)
Protective resemblance
Mimicry
Self-mimicry
Warning coloration
Animal Adaptations
Adaptation - any characteristic that improves
an organism's chance of survival
Organisms that are well adapted to their
environments are more likely to survive,
reproduce, and pass on those characteristics
Structural - body shape or structure (occur
slowly over generations)
Behavioral - hibernation when conditions are
unfavorable or migration to seek a new food
source
Physiological - internal changes that affect the
biochemical reactions of a species (high
altitude species being able to survive with less
oxygen
Adaptations for Attracting a Mate
Elaborate courtship
displays
Display aggressive
behavior
Peacocks - brightly colored
feathers to attract females
Frogs - special sounds that
they make
Adaptations for Obtaining and
Eating Food
Hunting
Grazing
Keen senses
Different types of
beaks
Pit Vipers
Rattlesnakes
Special sense organs on
each side of the head
that alert the snake to
warm blooded prey that
is nearby
Birds
Hawks - Keen eyesight to spot
their prey, Talons to grasp their
prey, Sharp beak for ripping
and eating their prey
Finches - short strong beaks for
cracking and eating seeds
Pelicans - large beaks designed
to catch and eat fish
Woodpeckers - long sharp
beaks for finding insects
Migration
To warmer climates with more
plentiful food supplies
Migrate back when
conditions improve
Birds, bats, fish, whales, elk,
butterflies
Termites and earthworms
migrate deeper to find more
favorable living conditions
Baleen Whales
Filter feeders
Have special structures
to strain their food out
of the water as they
swim
Herbivores
Eat only plants
Specially designed teeth
to grind grasses and
grains
Special stomachs to
digest them
Carnivores
Eat other animals
Sharp claws and teeth
to catch and eat prey
Special coloration that
camouflages them as
they hunt
Aggressive Mimicry
Lures prey
Body of the angler fish
resembles a rock
Uses part of its spine that
looks like a smaller fish
Other animals use a scent
or other signals to attract
prey
Nocturnal and Diurnal
Nocturnal - active at night
and asleep during the day
Diurnal - active during the
day and asleep at night
Nocturnal animals - large
eyes to allow them to see
their prey at night
Keen sense of smell to locate
food when it is dark
Adaptations for Protection Against
Predators
Aid in helping the
animals avoid danger
Night Activity
Active at night to avoid
predators that are Wake
during the day
Camouflage (Cryptic Coloring)
Blend in with their
surroundings
Change color as it moves
around (chameleon)
Change colors
seasonally (rabbit)
Protective Resemblance
Resemble something
else to avoid detection
(insects)
Mimicry
Looks like something
else that should be
avoided
Viceroy butterfly looks
like the monarch
butterfly (tastes bad to
birds)
Self-mimicry
One part of animal looks like
another part of its body
Looks like large eyes to scare off
predators (eye spots - usually on
the backs of the wings or at the
tail of an insect)
May at least entice the predator
to attack in a less vulnerable spot
Butterfly might lose part of its
wing, but not be eaten
Warning Coloration
Occurs in animals that
are poisonous
Poison dart frogs
Yellow and red
Chemical Secretions
Substances that taste or
smell bad
Blister beetle
Skunks
Cane toads
Octopus inks to allow it
to escape predation
... Chemical Secretions
Cane toads
Giant parotid glands
Even the tadpoles are
poisonous to ingest
Hard Shells, Plates, and Spines
Porcupine's quills
Armadillo's armor
Breaking Off Body Parts
Lizards
Stingers
Bees
Adaptations for Climate Survival
Help animals survive in
extreme climates
Hibernation
Not exposed to
predators
It's entire metabolism
(digestion, respiration,
heart rate) slows down
Estivation
Similar to hibernation
Occurs in hot weather instead of cold
weather
Internal temp is affected by heat
Estivation slows breathing and heart
rate
Doesn't need as much food or water to
survive
Frogs
Reptiles can use 90-95% less energy
when estivating
Camel
Extremely dry climates
Conservation of water
Regulation of Internal Temp
Cold climates -
extremely thick fur or
extra layers of fat
insulation (polar bear)
Hot climates - large
vascular ears that allow
the heat to escape
quickly ( )
Questions?