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Name______________________________
Class __________________
Chapter 16 Evolution of Populations
Date ______________
Chapter Test A
Multiple Choice
Write the letter on the line provided that best answers the question or
completes the statement.
____ 1. Which of the following statements describes what all
members of a population share?
a. They are temporally isolated from one another.
b. They are geographically isolated from one another.
c. They are members of the same species.
d. They have identical genes.
____ 2. Which statement about gene pools is typically true?
a. They contain two or more alleles for each gene.
b. They contain only dominant alleles.
c. They belong to two or more interbreeding species.
d. The relative frequencies of the alleles never change.
____ 3. If an allele makes up one fourth of a population’s alleles for a
given trait, its relative frequency is
a. 100 percent.
b. 75 percent.
c. 25 percent.
d. 4 percent.
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____ 4. In many kinds of organisms, most heritable differences are
due to
a. mutations during gamete formation.
b. chemicals in the environment.
c. gene shuffling during gamete formation.
d. the effects of radiation.
____ 5. Gene shuffling includes the independent movement of
chromosomes during meiosis as well as
a. mutations from radiation.
b. changes in the frequencies of alleles.
c. crossing-over.
d. mutations from chemicals.
____ 6. A single-gene trait that has two alleles and that shows a
simple dominant-recessive pattern will result in
a. one phenotype.
b. two phenotypes.
c. four phenotypes.
d. millions of phenotypes.
Chapter 16 Test A 197
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
____ 7. When individuals at only one end of a bell-shaped curve of
phenotype frequencies have high fitness, the result is
a. directional selection.
b. stabilizing selection.
c. disruptive selection.
d. genetic drift.
____ 8. When individuals with an average form of a trait have the
highest fitness, the result is
a. not predictable.
b. disruptive selection.
c. directional selection.
d. stabilizing selection.
____ 9. Genetic drift tends to occur in populations that
a. are very large.
b. are small.
c. are formed from new species.
d. have unchanging allele frequencies.
____10. The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new
habitat by a small group of individuals is called
a. the Hardy-Weinberg principle.
b. the founder effect.
c. directional selection.
d. stabilizing selection.
____11. The genetic equilibrium of a population can be disturbed by
each of the following EXCEPT
a. nonrandom mating.
b. movement into and out of the population.
c. a large population size.
d. mutations.
____13. What situation might develop in a population having some
plants whose flowers open at midday and other plants whose
flowers open late in the day?
a. behavioral isolation
b. geographic isolation
c. temporal isolation
d. genetic drift
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Chapter 16 Test A
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____12. The allele frequencies of a population are more likely to
remain unchanged if
a. the population size is reduced.
b. frequent movement into and out of the population occurs.
c. all mating is random.
d. the mutation rate increases.
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
____14. The Galápagos finch species are an excellent example of
a. speciation.
c. stabilizing selection.
b. genetic equilibrium. d. selection on single-gene traits.
____15. What did Peter and Rosemary Grant learn about mate choice
in the Galápagos finches?
a. Phenotype plays no role in mate choice.
b. Genotype plays no role in mate choice.
c. Finches prefer mates with smaller beaks than their own.
d. Finches prefer mates with beaks similar in size to their own.
Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided.
16. Crossing-over can occur during the meiotic divisions that produce cells called
___________________ .
17. A polygenic trait can have many possible genotypes and ___________________ .
18. When the phenotypes of polygenic traits are represented by a bell-shaped curve, the
___________________ of individuals close together on the curve is not very different.
19. When a population is NOT evolving, it is in a situation called ___________________ .
20. In the Galápagos finches that Rosemary and Peter Grant studied, a pattern of natural
selection called ___________________ selection favored individuals with larger, heavier
beaks during a drought.
Short Answer
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines
provided.
21. Would a trait that has only two distinct phenotypes more likely be
a single-gene trait or a polygenic trait? How do you know?
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_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
22. Is an allele for a trait that has no effect on a species’ fitness affected
by natural selection? Explain.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
23. List the five conditions necessary to maintain genetic equilibrium
in a population.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 16 Test A 199
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
24. Why might a geographic barrier such as a large river cause the
formation of a new species of small rodents but not a new species
of birds?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
25. How does the work of Peter and Rosemary Grant in the Galápagos
relate to the work of Charles Darwin?
_________________________________________________________________________________
Using Science Skills
Use the graph below to answer the following questions on the lines provided.
Percentage
of Population
Original distribution
of phenotypes
Distribution of
phenotypes after
natural selection
Bird Beak Size
Figure 16-1
Percentage
of Population
Percentage
of Population
Graph A
Bird Body Mass
Bird Beak Size
Graph B
Graph C
26. Interpreting Graphics According to Graph A in Figure 16-1, what
has occurred?
27. Interpreting Graphics According to Graph B in Figure 16-1, what
has occurred?
_________________________________________________________________________________
28. Interpreting Graphics According to Graph C in Figure 16-1, what
has occurred?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
29. Inferring Which of the three graphs in Figure 16-1 might show a
population of birds that specialize in different types of food?
Explain.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
200
Chapter 16 Test A
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_________________________________________________________________________________
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
30. Inferring What factor or condition might have led to the change
shown in Graph A of Figure 16-1?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Essay
Write the answer to each question in the space provided.
31. For a trait that has many different alleles in the population, would
an individual be more likely to have a particular allele if it had a
low relative frequency or a high relative frequency? Why?
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32. Explain how shuffling a deck of playing cards can be a good
model for the effect of sexual reproduction’s effect on the relative
frequency of alleles in a population and the possible combinations
of alleles.
Chapter 16 Test A 201
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
33. For a population, are the frequencies of phenotypes for a singlegene trait best expressed by a bar graph or a curve? Are the
frequencies of phenotypes for a polygenic trait best expressed by a
bar graph or a curve? Explain.
34. Describe the founder effect, and describe the conditions in which it
arises.
35. The Hardy-Weinberg principle gives the conditions needed for the
frequency of alleles in a population to remain unchanged. Describe
those conditions.
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
202
Chapter 16 Test A