* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Quiz Date: Feb 1st Per
Plant stress measurement wikipedia , lookup
Plant nutrition wikipedia , lookup
History of botany wikipedia , lookup
Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of plants wikipedia , lookup
Plant defense against herbivory wikipedia , lookup
Plant breeding wikipedia , lookup
Plant secondary metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Ornamental bulbous plant wikipedia , lookup
Plant physiology wikipedia , lookup
Plant morphology wikipedia , lookup
Ecology of Banksia wikipedia , lookup
Plant ecology wikipedia , lookup
Gartons Agricultural Plant Breeders wikipedia , lookup
Plant evolutionary developmental biology wikipedia , lookup
Verbascum thapsus wikipedia , lookup
Perovskia atriplicifolia wikipedia , lookup
Plant reproduction wikipedia , lookup
Flowering plant wikipedia , lookup
Name: Class Set Quiz Date: Feb 1st Per: (Edited 1-24-17) This material can be found in the Organisms: From Macro to Micro book (Pages 46-63 and 106-119) and in your ScienceSaurus (153,162,114). “The Wonder of Flowering Plants” (116119) and the “From Seed to Adult Plant – and Back” (59-62) articles are the best to help study. Good BrainPOP videos to watch on this topic include: Pollination, Seed Plants, and Plant Growth. (Seedless Plants is also worth a watch, but will not be on the quiz.) There may also be PowerPoint presentations added (including the Life Science “Visual Glossary”) on our website in the Helpful Resources section on the bottom of the main Life Science Web Page. (There wasn’t much posted when this was printed.) Think about the main ideas or concepts that we learned about in each of our labs/lessons. Use words, diagrams, sketches, phrases, bullets, etc. to record the main ideas in the boxes below. Make the information meaningful for YOUR BRAIN (think about how you learn best). Flower Dissection, Bill Nye Flowers, Pollen Nation Game, Wings of Life (Disney) Video, Plant C-E-R: Focus Question: How do specialized plant structures and animal behaviors help plants reproduce? -Some petals are colorful to attract pollinators. Some petals even have infra-red arrows called nectar guides to help point the pollinator in the right direction. -Perfect flowers have both male and female reproductive parts. -The stamen is made up of the male parts (filament, anther, pollen). -The filament holds the anther and pollen way up to make the pollen more accessible for the pollinator. -The anther makes and holds the pollen. -The pollen is the male sex cell. -The pistil is made up of the female parts (stigma, style, ovary). -The stigma catches the pollen. -The style holds the stigma way up to make it more accessible for the pollinator. -The ovary makes and holds the eggs (female sex cells). -Once pollen reaches the egg the egg becomes fertilized and turns into a seed. This is called pollination. -Some flowers self-pollinate (the pollen falls from the anther to the stigma of the same flower). -Some flowers pollinate by the wind. The wind blows the pollen from the anther to the stigma. These flowers are usually green because they don’t need to attract pollinators. -Some flowers rely on pollinators to move pollen from the anther to the stigma. Pollinators can be insects like bees, or other animals like birds or bats. The flowers need to produce sweet sugary liquid called nectar to attract the pollinators. The pollinators drink the nectar for food. -Often times pollen from one flower will pollinate a different flower of the same type (species). This is called cross-pollination. -Our pollinators (especially honey bees) are dying off. Without pollinators there is no pollination. Without pollination we don’t get new seeds or fruits. This is problematic since much of our food comes from flowering plants (strawberries, tomatoes, melons, etc.) Seed Survival!!! Engineering Project: Focus Question: How do specialized plant structures and animal behaviors help plants reproduce? We learned that there are a variety of ways that seeds can move away from the parent plant (seed dispersal). This is important so that the seeds and parent plants are not competing for the same resources (nutrients, sunlight, water, space). -Seeds can have hooks or burrs to get stuck on the fur or hair of animals. The animals then move and the seeds drop off in a different area. These seeds are sometimes called hitchhikers. -Seeds can be collected and buried (cached) by animals like squirrels. Sometimes the seeds are forgotten about and then grow into a plant. -Some seeds (especially in berries) have a special seed coat that allows the seed to survive in the stomach of animals. The animal eats the fruits and then “deposits” the seeds with a little pile of “fertilizer”. -Seeds can be dispersed by the wind. Some seeds have wings (like a maple seed), some seeds have fluff (like a dandelion), and some seeds are blown around on the ground (like tumbleweed). -Seeds can be dispersed by water as well. These seeds usually have a hollow center so they float (like a coconut). -Seeds can also disperse by self-propulsion. The seed pods explode like a spring when touched (like our local Jewelweed). Corn and Bean Grow Systems: Focus Question: How do specialized plant structures help plants grow? -When a seed opens up and starts to turn into a plant we call it germination. -Seeds don’t seem like they are living, but they are. Seeds are dormant until they have the right conditions to grow into a plant (germinate). -The seeds contain an embryo which will turn into a plant. The nutrient packet (endosperm) give the seed the nutrients it needs to grow until it can get energy from the soil and the sun. -The first root-like structure that grows down is known as the radicle. The radicle will start to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. -The first leaf called a seed leaf or a cotyledon grows upward from the seed. -A plant with one cotyledon is called a monocot. A plant with two seed leaves is called a dicot. -Monocots are plants like grasses, corn and wheat. Monocots typically have parallel veins in their leaves and odd numbered flower parts. -Dicots are represented by our bean plants and many of the herbs we grew. Dicots typically have branching veins in their leaves and even numbered flower parts. Hint, Hint, Wink, Wink Question: Give one example of a specialized plant structure and one example of an animal behavior and explain how they help plants reproduce? -Plants make nectar at the base of the flower to attract pollinators. Pollinators move from flower to flower drinking the nectar. The pollen brushes off from the anther to the pollinator. The pollen then brushes onto the stigma and the pollen can then fertilize the eggs making new seeds.