Download PEOPLE AND PLANTS

Topics 1 - 3 Study Guide
People and Plants/Structures and Adaptations
TOPIC 1- PEOPLE AND PLANTS
1- In the Environment- oxygen , shelter
2- Food- edible plants
3- Plant to Final Product- looks different by the time you eat it
4- Fibre- clothing- hemp, flax, cotton
5- Medicine- for medication
6- Transportation and Construction- rubber tree
7- Fuel- wood, coal, sugar, ethanol, methanol
TOPIC 2- STRUCTURES AND ADAPTATIONS
Different parts of a Plant:
(A) ROOTS- 1- absorb water and minerals
2- support and anchor plant
3- store food
- taproot- single prominent root
- fibrous root- similar sized roots- many
- root crops- carrots, beets, turnips, radishes, parsnips
- diffusion- particles move from areas of high to low
concentration
- osmosis- diffusion of water through a selectively permeable
membrane
- differentially permeable- allows some materials to pass through
(B) STEMS- 1- transports water and nutrients
2- support the leaves
3- food storage
heartwood- dead wood, centre of tree, gives strenghth
xylem- transports water
cambium- growing part of the tree
phloem- transports the sugars
bark- protects and insulates
(C) LEAVES
- chlorophyll gives pants their green color
- photosynthesis- carbon dioxide from the air, water in the soil
and energy from sun react to form sugar and oxygen
- respiration- process by which plants release CO2 and let O2
into their cells
- stomata- tiny holes in leaves where CO2 enters the plant
- transpiration- loss of water through the leaves of a plant
due to evaporation
- water moves through plants by a PUSH PULL methodwater drawn in PUSHES water up plant and PULLED up
(D) FLOWERS
- Have bright colored petals to attract insects and other animals.
These animals pollinate the flowers while feeding on the flower’s
nectar and pollen.
(E) FRUIT
- growing ovary of the plant that swells and protects the
developing seeds of a plant until they are ripe.
TOPIC 3- Plant Reproduction and Breeding
- Selective Breeding:
o People choose specific plants with particular
characteristics
- Genes:
o Organisms characteristics
Plant Reproduction:
- Sexual Reproduction:
o Production of seeds and fruits from specialized cells
of “2” plants
- Asexual or Vegetative Reproduction:
o When a parent plant grows new plants from its roots,
stems, or leaves
 Grafting: taking a branch from one tree and
attaching it to another tree
- Seed Plant Reproduction
o Cones: the part of a tree that has woody scales
 Female cones contain ovules (eggs)
 Pollination: process of pollen travelling to the
female part of the plant
Parts of a Flower and their functions
Stamen: Male reproductive organ (filament, pollen grains, anther)
Pistil (Carpel): Female reproductive organ (stigma, style, ovary, ovule)
Anther: where pollen is produced and stored
Filament: stalk that supports the anther
Pollen Grains: cases containing male reproductive cells (sperm)
Stigma: sticky “lip” of the pistil that captures pollen grains
Style: stalk that supports the stigma
Ovary: swollen base of pistil containing ovules
Petals: brightly colored parts of flower to attract animals/insects/birds
Sepals: protect flower before it opens (bud), protect underneath of flower
after opens
- Seed Dispersal: The transport of seeds away from the
parent plant. Seeds can be dispersed by:
o Wind
o Animals
o Insects
o Rivers
- Germination: the development of a seed into a new plant