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AP BIOLOGY COURSE SYLLABUS 2010-2011 COURSE OVERVIEW: Welcome to AP Biology. This full-year course is equivalent to a two semester introductory college level biology course in both content and expectations. This college level course follows the syllabus prescribed by the College Entrance Examination Board. It is designed to incorporate the major themes of biology throughout the curriculum as students develop an understanding of biology as a process. Learning science is about being an active participant in the topics and not memorizing facts and statistics. Students will engage in hands-on labs, critical thinking classroom activities, problem solving activities, and scientific data interpretation and analysis. This course meets 6 – 42 minute periods per week including a double lab period once a week. The following eight major unifying themes will be used to make connections between topics and units: Science as a process Energy transfer Relationship to Structure and Function Interdependence in Nature Evolution Continuity and Change Regulation Science, Technology, and Society COURSE OBJECTIVES: Students will be able to develop a conceptual framework for modern biology, gain an appreciation of science as a process and recognize real-life applications of biology that relate to their personal responsibility for environmental and social concerns. 1. Understand that science is a process which involves a discovery process using inductive reasoning or a process of hypothesis testing. 2. Explain that biological change of organisms that occur over time is driven by a process of natural selection and that evolution account for the diversity of life on Earth. 3. Identify that all living organisms are active because of their abilities to link energy reactions to the biochemical reactions that take place within their cells. 4. Explain that all species tend to maintain themselves from generation to generation using the same genetic code and that there are genetic mechanisms that lead to change over time. 5. Describe and explain that the structural levels from molecules to organisms ensure successful functioning in all living organisms and living systems. 6. Understand that everything from cells to organisms to ecosystems in is a state of dynamic balance that must be controlled by positive or negative feedback systems. 7. Identify that living organisms rarely exist alone in nature. 8. Understand that scientific research often leads to technological advances that can have positive and/or negative impacts upon society as a whole. LABORATORY: Working in small groups, students will do all labs in the AP Biology Lab Manual for Students. Additional labs will be used to supplement as needed. Lab reports will be due 1 week after completion of the lab. Lab report format will vary depending on the lab, but all lab reports will contain a data analysis conclusion or summary. Data tables will be neat and organized with column headings, an appropriate Page | 1 title, and units of measure. Graphs will be drawn in pencil with a ruler, contain an appropriate title, labels and units of measure on each axis, and a key if necessary. The following is a list and general description of AP Labs: AP Lab 1: Diffusion and Osmosis – Students will investigate the processes of osmosis in a model of the membrane system and investigate the effect of solute concentration on water potential as it relates to living plant tissues AP Lab 2: Enzyme Catalysis – Students will observe the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen gas by the enzyme catalase and measure the amount of oxygen generated and calculate the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. AP Lab3: Mitosis and Meiosis – Using prepared onion root tip slides, students will study plant mitosis to calculate the relative duration of each phase. Prepared whitefish blastula slides will be used to compare the process in plants and animals. Students will simulate the stages and process in meiosis using chromosome models. Percentage of crossing over in fungus will be calculated. AP Lab 4: Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis – Students will separate plant pigments using chromatography. They will measure the rate of in photosynthesis in isolated chloroplasts. AP Lab 5: Cell Respiration – Students will measure oxygen consumption during seed germination under different temperature conditions. AP Lab 6: Molecular Biology – Students will investigate basic principles of genetic engineering using plasmids to transform E. coli cells. AP Lab 7: Genetics of Organisms – Students will use living organisms to do genetic crosses. AP Lab 8: Population Genetics and Evolution – Students will learn about the Hardy-Weinberg law of genetic equilibrium to study the relationship between evolution and changes in allele frequency. AP Lab 9: Transpiration – Students will measure transpiration under different laboratory conditions. AP Lab 10: Physiology of the Circulatory System – Students will learn how to measure blood pressure and pulse under different conditions. Data will be analyzed and related to an index of relative fitness. The effect of temperature on the heart rate of a water flea will be determined. AP Lab 11: Animal Behavior – Students will observe pillbugs and design an experiment to investigate their responses to environmental variables. They will observe and investigate mating behavior in fruit flies. AP Lab 12: Dissolve Oxygen and Aquatic Primary Productivity – Students will measure and analyze dissolved oxygen concentration in water at different temperatures. They will measure and analyze primary productivity of water samples using screens to simulate the attenuation of light with increasing depth. Page | 2 The following is a list and general description of supplemental labs: McMush Lab: Students will use qualitative tests to analyze fast food. Students will analyze the nutritional content of fast food and apply knowledge of a healthy diet to current teenage obesity issues. Molecular Models –Students will build fatty acids, fats, amino acids, and simple proteins using molecular models kits. Case Study Lab: A Can of Bull? Do Energy Drinks Really Provide a Source of Energy?: Students will categorize the biochemical components of “energy” and “electrolyte” drinks. They will explain scientifically how the marketing claims for these drinks are or are not supporter. They will determine the physiological role of these components in the human body and determine under what conitions each of the drinks might be useful to the consumer. Form & Function of Bacteria – Students will review the structural differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They will compare the different forms of bacteria while viewing prepared slides. We Are Family – Students will become aware of the diversity of organisms in a single animal phylum. They will become the expert on an assigned phylum by researching significant developments in the evolution of the phylum and then create a phylogenetic tree of the major branches in eukaryotic evolution. Plant Diversity – Students will analyze the reproductive modifications that enabled plants to colonize terrestrial habitats. Flower Power – Students will dissect a flower to learn its basic structures. They will study flowers as adaptations to attract pollinators. By comparing the diversity of floral characteristics in different species, students will correlate the characteristics with pollinators’ sensory abilities. Plant Study – Students will design experiments to study the effect of various environmental conditions on seed germination and plant growth. Dissections – Students will observe and compare the anatomical structures of various organisms and/or organs. Dissections may be student centered, demonstrations, or virtual/interactive. STUDENT EVALUATION Students are evaluated on a total point system. Total points from all tests, quizzes, homework, lab reports, and other assessments are added together to determine a total score which is converted to a percentage. It is the student’s responsibility to keep track of their individual points on each assessment or assignment. Homework (10%): Assigned homework will have a point value of either 5 or 10 points. Homework will be reading and outlining the textbook chapters and/or completing the chapter reading guide. As needed, articles will be assigned from scientific journals and news sources. Further instructions will be provided for each article. Laboratory (30-40%): Page | 3 Tests/Quizzes (35-45%) Most tests will be multi-chapter tests consisting of multiple choice and free response questions similar to the AP exam. There will be a quiz after each chapter. District Exams A comprehensive mid-term exam (10% of final grade) will be administered in late January. AP Exam/Final Exam It is expected that all AP students take the AP Exam. As per district policy, student’s taking the AP exam will receive full AP credit. Those students opting not to take the AP Exam will receive reduced credit. Throughout the year, practice exams and exam questions will be administered. It is advised that students purchase an AP Exam prep book from a local bookstore. Page | 4 COURSE PLANNER: This course planner is designed to provide a general schedule for topics covered with textbook chapters, labs, and supplemental assignments. Detailed weekly schedules will be posted on my school website throughout the school year. The class will consist of lecture (PowerPoint, Smart Notebook), cooperative and differentiated instruction strategies, and whole-class discussion and debate topics. Note: Percent in parenthesis ( ) indicates weighted emphasis on the AP Exam. Time frame Topics/Objectives 1 day Introduction: Students will recognize that biological science involves a process of change with new knowledge.(science as a process) Activities/ Lab Experiences Assignments/ Assessments Video: Classic SNL: “Theodoric of York, Medieval Barber” (change in scientific knowledge over time) Unit 1: Molecules and Cells (25%) Student will describe and explain the structure and function of cellular organelles and explain the significance of metabolic processes 15 CHEMISTRY OF LIFE (7%) Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5 McMush Lab: [wet; 1days Student will … Activity 2.1 – A Quick double lab period] Recognize the role of the elements Review of Elements and Compounds Molecular Models [wet; essential to life Activity 3.1 – A Quick 1-double lab period] Describe the structure and Review of the Properties behavior of the atom (relationship of Water to structure and function) Activity 4/5.1 – How can Analyze chemical bonds and you identify recognize the properties of bonds Evaluate the biological significance macromolecules? Activity 4/5.2 – What of the properties of water (science predictions can you make as a process; regulation; about the behavior of interdependence in nature) organic macromolecules Examine the role of carbon in the molecular diversity of living things if you know their structure? (evolution) Investigation 4.2 – What Compare the structure and Factors Determine the function of macromolecules Effectiveness of Drugs necessary for life (energy transfer; (Campbell Interactive) relationship to structure and function) Chemistry of Life Test Page | 5 25 days CELLS (10%) CELLULAR METABOLIC PROCESSES (8%) Students will… Compare and contrast Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and explain the evolutionary relationships (evolution; relationship to structure and function; interdependence in nature) Compare and contrast the structure and function of cytoplasmic organelles(relationship to structure and function) Discuss the evolutionary significance of endosymbiosis and the importance of mitochondria and chloroplasts in energy transfer processes (science as a process; evolution; energy transfer; relationship to structure and function) Describe the structure and function of cellular membranes (relationship to structure and function) Evaluate the role and significance of cellular transport mechanisms(science as a process; energy transfer) Identify energy conversions based on the laws of thermodynamics and the biochemical processes that provide energy to living things (energy transfer; regulation) Describe the structure and function of enzymes in metabolic pathways (relationship to structure and function) Evaluate the effect of environmental conditions on the structure and function of enzymes in metabolic pathways (relationship to structure and function; science as a process; interdependence in nature) Evaluate the significance of the network of cellular communication processes (science as a process; Chapters 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 AP Lab 1: [wet; 1-double lab period + 1 additional class period] Osmosis and Activity 6.1 – What makes Diffusion a cell a living organisms? Activity 7.1 – What AP Lab 2: [wet; 1-double controls the movement of lab period + 1 additional materials into and out of class period] Enzyme the cell? Catalysts Activity 7.2 – How is the structure of a cell AP Lab 3: [wet; 1-double membrane related to its lab period] Mitosis and function? Meiosis Activity 8.1 – What factors affect chemical AP Lab 4: [wet; 1-double reactions in cells? lab period + 1 additional Activity 8.2 – How can class period] Plant changes in experimental Pigments and conditions affect enzyme- Photosynthesis mediated reactions? Activity 9.1 – A Quick AP Lab 5: [wet; 1-double Review of Energy lab period] Cell Transformations Respiration Activity 9.2 – Modeling Cellular Respiration: How can cells convert the A Can of Bull: [dry; 1energy in glucose to ATP? double-lab period] (science Activity 10.1 – Modeling as a process; energy Photosynthesis: How can transfer; regulation; cells use the sun’s energy science, technology and to convert carbon dioxide society) and water into glucose? Activity 10.2 – How do C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis compare? Activity 11.1 – How are chemical signals translated into cellular responses? Activity 12.1 – What is mitosis? Activity 13.1 – What is meiosis? Activity 13.2 – How do mitosis and meiosis differ? United Streaming Video: Mitosis Page | 6 regulation) Explain the stages and control mechanisms in mitosis and evaluate the role of mitosis in genetic continuity (regulation; evolution; continuity and change) Explain how meiosis contributes to genetic diversity (evolution; continuity and change) Explain how the significance of the variety of life cycles supports evolution (evolution; continuity and change) Evaluate the practices of plant and animal breeders and the biological impact on the environment and society (science as a process; continuity and change; science, technology, and society) Compare cellular respiration and fermentation and identify the evolutionary significance of glycolysis (evolution; energy transfer) Describe the biochemical pathways in photosynthesis and explain the significance of the flow of energy (science as process; energy transfer) Discuss the evolutionary significance of the environmental adaptations in photosynthetic organisms (science as a process; evolution; continuity and change) United Streaming Video: Meiosis Cells Test (ch 6, 7, 8) Metabolic Processes test (ch 9, 10, 11,12, 13) Page | 7 Unit 2: Heredity and Evolution (25%) Recognize the relationship between the genetic code and the diversity of life 30 MENDELIAN GENETICS (8%) Chapters 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, days MOLECULAR GENETICS (9%) 19, 20, 21 Students will be able to… Activity: Protein synthesis Analyze the development of simulation – students will scientific research involved in the formation of a DNA model (science simulation protein synthesis using as a process; science, technology, manipulatives and society) Develop a working knowledge of In class discussion/ Mendelian patterns of inheritance bioethics debate – Recognize the type of inheritance genetically modified exhibited from genetic disorders organisms/the future of (evolution; continuity and change) Describe how inheritance patterns genetics can alter a population and lead to Activity 14.1 – A Genetics evolutionary changes (evolution; Vocabulary Review continuity and change) Activity 14.2 – Modeling Describe how gene linkage affects Meiosis: How can diploid inheritance (evolution; continuity organisms produce and change) haploid gametes? Describe the role of sex-linked Activity 14.3 – A Quick genes and patterns of inheritance Guide to Solving Genetics (evolution; continuity and change) Problems Analyze the significance of Activity 14.4 – How can chromosomal mutations in you determine all the evolution of species (evolution; possible types of gametes? continuity and change) Activity 15.1 – Solving Describe and compare the Genetics Problems structure and function of nucleic acids (relationship to structure and Activity 15.2 – How can the mode of inheritance be function; continuity and change) determined Analyze DNA replication to experimentally? determine its role in mutations Activity 16.1 – Is the (science as a process; evolution; hereditary material DNA continuity and change) or protein? Describe the affect of gene Activity 16.2 – How does mutations on populations (science DNA replicate? as a process, evolution; continuity Activity 17.1 – Modeling and change) Transcription and Explain microbial genetics and Translation: What describe the significance of processes produce RNA response to environmental change from DNA and protein (evolution; continuity and change; from mRNA? regulation) Activity 18.1 – How is Define and discuss the methods gene expression involved in the transfer and controlled? AP Lab 7: [wet; 1-double lab period + 1 additional class period] Genetics of Organisms AP Lab 6: [wet; 1-double lab period + 1 additional class period] Molecular Biology Form & Function of Bacteria [wet; 1-double lab period] (science as a process; relationship of structure to function; evolution) Page | 8 recombination of bacterial genes (evolution, continuity and change; science, technology, and society) Describe the organization, regulation, and evolution of eukaryotic genomes (relationship to structure and function , evolution; regulation; continuity and change) Explain the process of gene expression and embryonic development as it pertains to cell differentiation mechanisms (science as a process; evolution; continuity and change; regulation) Examine mapping, cloning, sequencing, and analysis of DNA and its significance to society (science as a process; science, technology, and society) Examine practical applications of DNA technology and its role in society (science as a process; science, technology, and society) Discuss and defend the future of genomics (science as a process; science, technology, and society) Activity 18.2 – Modeling the lac and trp Operon Systems: How can gene expression be controlled in prokaryotes? Activity 19.1 – How is gene activity controlled in eukaryotes? Activity 20.1 – How and why are genes cloned into recombinant DNA vectors? Activity 21.1 – How can the development of an organism be controlled at the cellular and molecular levels? United Streaming Video: Chromosomal Alterations Development of Molecular Genetics Molecular Genetics and the Human Genome Project Sex-Linked Inheritance The Hardy-Weinberg Principle Transcription of DNA to Messenger RNA Embryonic Development and Differentiation Mendelian Genetics test (ch 14, 15, 16, 17) Molecular Genetics Test (ch 18, 19, 20, 21) 10 days EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY (8%) Students will… Examine the historical background of the development of theories of evolution (science as a process, Chapters 22, 23, 24 Interactive timeline and video – developments in human evolution AP Lab 8: [wet; 1-double lab period + 1 additional class period]Population Genetics and Evolution Page | 9 evolution) Explain the significance of the contributions of Darwin (science as a process, evolution) Examine present day evidence of evolution (science as a process, evolution; science, technology, and society) Describe the genetic component in evolution of populations and natural selection (evolution; continuity and change; interdependence in nature) Examine population genetics and the Hardy-Weinberg Law of genetic equilibrium (interdependence in nature) Compare and describe the mechanisms that account for speciation and macroevolution (science as a process; evolution; continuity and change) www.becominghuman.org Discovery School Video Great Books: Origin of Species Video: The Odyssey of Life: The Ultimate Journey Video: Planet Earth: Deep Ocean United Streaming Video: Gene Frequencies, Natural Selection, and Speciation Icons of Science Evolution Activity 22.1 – How did Darwin view evolution via natural selection? Activity 22.2 – How do Darwin’s and Lamarck’s ideas about evolution differ? Activity 22.3 – How would you evaluate these explanations of Darwin’s ideas? Activity 23.1 A quick Review of HardyWeinberg Population Genetics Activity 23.2 – What effects can selection have on populations? Activity 24.1 – What factors affect speciation? Evolutionary Biology Test Page | 10 Unit 3: Organisms and Populations (50%) Students will recognize the relationship between organisms form and function and recognize the factors which influence and determine the nature of the environment. 20 DIVERSITY OF POPULATIONS (8%) Chapters 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, We Are Family: [dry; 2days Students will.. 30, 31 double lab periods] Activity: How is (continuity and change; Describe the evolutionary Phylogeny Determined interdependence in nature; relationships in classification of Using Protein evolution) living things (evolution; continuity Comparisons? (Campbell and change) Interactive Activity) Analyze the evidence in the Activity 25.1 – How are theories for early origin and phylogenies constructed? evolution of life on Earth (science Activity 25.2 – Put as a process; evolution) yourself in the Identify changing taxonomic professor’s shoes: What models through time (science as a questions would you ask? process) Activity 26/27.1 – Whad Describe the structure, function, do we know about the and role of prokaryotic organisms origin of life on Earth? in the biosphere (science as a Activity 26/27.2 – How process; relationship to structure has small sized affected and function; interdependence in prokaryotic diversity? nature) Activity 28.1 – How has Identify harmful and helpful prokaryotic organisms for humans endosymbiosis contributed to the and the environment (science as a process; interdependence in nature) diversity of organisms on Earth? Discuss the importance of the Activity 29/30.1 – What diversity of Protists (science as a process; evolution; interdependence major events occurred in the evolution of the plant in nature) Explain how plant adaptations are kingdom? Activity 29/30.2 – What related to the evolution of seed can a study of extinct plants (evolution; continuity and species tell us about the change) Explain the structure, function and evolution of form and function in the plant role of fungus in the biosphere (science as a process; relationship to kingdom? Activity 29/30.3 – How structure and function; are the events in plant interdependence in nature) evolution related? Activity 31.1 – How diverse are the fungi in form and function? Activity 32/33.1 – What can we learn about the evolution of the animal kingdom by examining modern invertebrates? Page | 11 United Streaming Video: Interactions and Relationships Among Organisms Patterns of Population Growth and Management Asexual Reproduction and Alternation of Generations Understanding Viruses Understanding Bacteria Diversity of Populations test 40 days STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS (32%) Plants Explain the general characteristics of the plant kingdom Describe the structure, growth, and development of plants and discuss how plant differences have led to the evolutionary success plants (science as a process; evolution; continuity and change; relationship to structure and function) Analyze the major tissues of seed plants and develop a working knowledge of their relationship to each other and their evolutionary success (science as a process; evolution; continuity and change; interdependence in nature) Discuss the role of biotechnology in agriculture (science as a process; science, technology, and society) Identify and evaluate the affects of environmental factors on plant responses (science as a process; regulation; interdependence in nature) Animals Chapters 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 Computer Activity: How Do Molecular Data Fit Traditional Phylogenies? (Cambell Interactive Activity) Activity 32/33.1 – What can we learn about the evolution of the animal kingdom by examining modern invertebrates? Activity 34.1 – What can we learn about the evolution of the chordates by examining modern chordates? Activity 35.1 – how does plant structure differ among monocots, herbaceous dicots, and woody dicots? Activity 36.1 – How are water and food transported in plants? Activity 37.1 – What do you need to consider in Plant Diversity: [wet; 1double lab period + 1 additional class period] (evolution) Flower Power: [wet; 1double lab period + 1 additional class period] (science as a process; evolution; continuity and change; interdependence in nature) AP Lab 9: [wet; 1-double lab period] Transpiration Plant Study [wet; 2double lab period plus additional time for observations] (science as a process; interdependence in nature; regulation) AP Lab 10: [wet; 1-double lab period + 1 additional class period] Physiology of the Circulatory System Dissections: [wet; 6 class periods] (evolution; Page | 12 Analyze the phylogeny of the animal kingdom and their evolutionary relationships (science as a process; evolution) Analyze the form and function of animal tissue (relationship of structure to function) Analyze the basic structure, function of systems and the regulation of systems (relationship of structure to function; regulation) Explain the interaction of organ systems (regulation; interdependence in nature) Compare and contrast the structure and functions of animals with respect to evolution and adaptation to the environment (science as a process; evolution; continuity and change; relationship of structure to function) Evaluate and discuss the significance of stem cell research (science as a process; science, technology, and society) Describe the growth and development process in animals order to grow plants in continuity and change) space? Activity 38.1 – How can plant reproduction be modified using biotechnology? Activity 39.1 – How do gravity and light affect plant growth responses? Activity 40.1 – How does an organism’s structure help it maintain homeostasis? Activity 41.1 – How are form and function related in the digestive system? Activity 42.1 – How is mammalian heart structure related to function? Activity 42.2 – How do we breathe, and why do we breathe? Activity 43.1 – How does the immune system keep the body free of pathogens? Activity 44.1 – What is nitrogenous waste, and how is it removed from the body? Activity 45.1 – How do hormones regulate cell functions? Activity 46.1 – How does the production of male and female gametes differ in humans? Activity 47.1 – What common events occur in the early development of animals? Activity 48.1 – How do neurons function to transmit information? Activity 48.2 – What would happen if you modified a particular aspect of neuron Page | 13 function? Activity 49.1 – How does sarcomere structure affect muscle function? Activity 49.2 – What would happen if you modified particular aspects of muscle function? United Streaming Video: The World of Plants, The Structure of Plants Human Body Pushing the LimitsBrainpower Human Body Systems – The Endocrine System Human Body Systems – The Excretory System Human Body Systems – The Nervous System Human Body System – The Reproductive System Human Body Systems – The Skeletal and Muscular Systems Electrochemical Control Systems 10 days ECOLOGY (10%) Identify the interactions of populations in a community (science as a process; interdependence in nature) Analyze the effect of changes in biotic and abiotic factors on populations (science as a process; evolution, interdependence in nature) Describe the role of natural selection in animal behavior and Plants Test Animals Test Chapters 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, AP Lab 11: [wet; 1-double 55 lab period] Animal Behavior Activity: How Do Abiotic Factors Affect AP Lab 12: [wet; 1-double Distribution of Organisms lab period + 1 additional (Campbell Interactive class period] Dissolved Activity) Oxygen and Aquatic Primary Productivity Activity 50.1 – What factors determine climate? Activity 51.1 – What Page | 14 the success of populations (evolution; interdependence in nature) Compare the characteristics of land and aquatic biomes Analyze the models used to describe population growth (science as a process; regulation; interdependence in nature) Determine the factors that regulate population growth (science as a process; regulation; interdependence in nature) Analyze the energy and nutrient flow through an ecosystem (energy transfer; interdependence in nature) Analyze human population growth data and identify the factors which influence human population growth (science as a process; regulation; interdependence in nature) Evaluate the role of human activities in health of ecosystems (science as process; regulation; interdependence in nature) Evaluate the role of human activities in preservation of biodiversity (science as process; regulation; interdependence in nature; evolution) determines behavior? Activity 52.1 – What methods can you use to determine population density and distribution? Activity 52.2 – What models can you use to calculate how quickly a population can grow? Activity 53.1 – What do you need to consider when analyzing communities of organisms? Activity 54.1 – What limits do available solar radiation and nutrients place on carrying capacity? Activity 55.1 - What factors can affect the survival of a species or community? Ecology Test Resources: Textbook: Biology 7th edition, Neil A. Campbell, Jane B. Reece, Pearson-Benjamin Cummings, 2005 Preparing for the Biology AP Exam, Campbell/Reece AP Biology Lab Manual for students Laboratory Investigations for Biology, 2nd edition, Jean Dickey AP Biology Released Exams Selected Journal Articles from Scientific American, National Association of Biology Teachers, The Science Teacher (NSTA); Discover Magazine; U.S. New & World Report; The New York Times Page | 15 Websites: Campbell Biology Gateway: http://www.aw-bc.com/campbell Bio-alive: http://bio-alive.com The Biology Project: www.biology.arizona.edu BioCoach: www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach The Biology Corner: www.biologycorner.com Access Excellence: www.accessexcellence.org The Biology Place: www.biology.com Gene Almanac: www.dnalc.org/home.html United Streaming: www.unitedstreaming.com Teacher’s Domain: http://www.teachersdomain.org BioCoach: www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach Page | 16