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MAGNETISM What is it? Where is it? What can we do with it? What Is a Magnet? What are Magnets? A magnet is an object that can push or pick up materials made of iron, steel, or nickel. A magnet is made of these same materials. What Is a Magnetic Field? A Magnetic Field Is… An invisible force of attraction between certain materials and a magnet. The invisible force is created by electric currents. (Electric currents are caused by the movement of electrons.) How Do Magnets Work? How Do Magnets Work? We know everything is made of atoms… Electrons move around the nucleus in orbit, but they also spin on their axis at the same time (just like spinning tops). We know electrons carry electric currents when they move through materials such as metals. You can think of electrons as tiny particles of electricity. Magnetism is caused by electrons moving inside atoms and creating magnetic fields all around them. In groups of atoms, spinning electrons produce a magnetic field pointing one way or another. When electrons are arranged in a specific way, rather than jumbled up, what do you think will happen? Think about static electricity… Can We Create Magnets? Tomorrow: How Are Magnets Used to Create Electricity? Things to Know About Magnets A magnet has two poles (north & south)…two ends. The north pole of one magnet attracts the south pole of a second magnet, and vice versa. A magnet creates an invisible area of magnetism all around it called a magnetic field. The north pole of a magnet points roughly toward Earth's north pole and vice-versa - Earth contains magnetic materials and behaves like a gigantic magnet. (Compass) If you cut a bar magnet in half, you get two brand new, smaller magnets, each with its own north and south pole. If you run a magnet a few times over an un-magnetized piece of a magnetic material (such as an iron nail), you can convert it into a magnet as well. This is called magnetization.