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Name _______________________________________________ Unit Test: _________________ Physical Science: Magnets Study Guide VOCABULARY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Magnetism - a force by which objects are attracted to other objects or repelled by other objects. Attract – pulls an object closer Repel – pushes an object away Magnetic field – the area or power around a magnet. Electromagnet – a magnet that can be turned on and off by using electricity Generator – a device that uses a magnet to produce electricity Poles – the strongest point on a magnet; each magnet has a NORTH and SOUTH pole Permanent magnet – a magnet that never loses its magnetism Temporary magnet – iron material you can magnetize to attract items for a short period of time Magnet – a piece of iron or steel that attracts certain metals Force – energy that can cause something to be pushed or pulled Compass – an instrument with a needle that points North and used to determine directions Electricity – used to create a magnetic field Metals – materials such as iron, steel, and copper Lodestone – a magnetic iron ore, or mineral, that is capable of attracting small bits of iron KEY IDEAS 1. 2. 3. 4. Magnets come in all shapes and sizes. Magnets react the same no matter what size or shape they are. Magnets attract things made of iron, nickel, and cobalt. When a magnet is brought closer to an object made of iron, the object is attracted, or pulled toward, the magnet and becomes attached to it. 5. All magnets have a north and south pole. 6. Opposite poles (north & south) attract. For example, the north pole of a magnet is attracted to the south pole of another magnet. They will “stick” to each other. N S N S 7. The same poles (north & north/south & south) will repel. For example, the north pole of one magnet will repel, or push away from the north pole of another magnet. They will NOT “stick” together. N S S N 8. A magnetic field surrounds a magnet in all directions. Magnet Magnetic field N 9. The closer the object is to the magnet, the stronger the magnetic field. 10. The farther away the object is, the weaker the magnetic field. S 11. In this diagram, the moon has a stronger magnetic field because it is closer. The sun has a weaker magnetic field because it is farther away. N S 12. Magnetic forces control the power of magnets. 13. Magnets have many uses. Some of these uses include: Keeping doors closed Holding papers Used in tools Games Make electricity and in generators 14. Magnets are all alike because they Attract things made of iron Have a north and south pole 15. Magnets are all different because they Can have different shapes Can be used in different ways 16. Temporary magnets are created by stroking objects made of iron or steel with a magnet. 17. There are many kinds of magnets. These include temporary magnets, electromagnets, and permanent magnets. 18. An example of a temporary magnet a gem clip used to pick up staple. The gem clip will only act as a magnet after it has been rubbed with a magnet. 19. An example of a permanent magnet is the Earth. The Earth is one giant magnet with opposite poles. 20. An example of an electromagnet is a generator. It uses magnet to make electricity and can be turned on and off.