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Department
of
Zoology & Biotechnology
QUESTION BANK
BIOTECHNOLOGY
SEMESTER-V
Unit-1
Genetic Material
Different forms of DNA(DNA topology):- B-form, Z-form, D-form; Gene structure-introns,exaons and
pseudogenes: Supercoiling of DNA, Melting curve of DNA and Tm value determination; Buoyant
density of DNA and its relationship with mole (G+C) content in DNA; Types of RNA: mRNA, rRNA,
tRNA;, Organization of Eukaryotic genome wsr Cot value.
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MCQ
DNA, as genetic material/transforming principle was experimently proved by
which of the following scientists?
a. Friedrick Meischer and Griffith
b. Watson and Crick
c. Rosalin and Willkins
d. Avery Mcleod and Mc Carty
Double helical structure of dna was given by which of the following scientists
a. Watson and crick
b. Rosalin and wilkins
c. Barbara Mc Clintock
d. Avery Mcleod and Mc Carty
Which of the following statements is not true according to chargaff’s rule
a. All the cells of an oeganism or a tissue have identical or closely similar
base composition
b. Different organisms exhibit wide variation in the base composition
which is expressed in the ratio (A+T)/ (G+C)
c. Similar base composition are exhibited by closely related organisms.
d. According to chargraff rule A=G and T=C
The breaking of hydrogen bonds in a dna molecule when subjected to high
temperature is known as
a. Renaturation
b. Denaturation
c. Annealing
d. Ionisation
Clover leaf model of secondary of rna was given by
a. Taylor
b. Mckinskey
c. Holly
d. Hudson
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SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION
What is B-form of DNA?
Write a note on gene structure?
Write a note on Supercoiling of DNA?
What is Melting curve of DNA and Tm value.
What are pseudogenes?
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION
Explain different types of RNA?
Explain exons and introns?
Explain the organization of eukaryotic genome?
Write a note on different forms of DNA?
Explain the buoyant density of DNA and its relationship with mole (G+C)
content in DNA?
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Unit-2
DNA Replication
Types of DNA replication: Conservative, Semi-conservative and Dispersive mode of replication;
Mechanism of replication, Messelson and Stahl experiment; Enzymes involved in replication of
DNA; Replication of DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Models of chromosomal replicationCairns model, Rolling Circle model.
MCQ
1. Consider the process that a cell uses to replicate its double-stranded DNA to
make copies for daughter cells. Which statement describes the DNA in daughter
cells?
A. The double helix in one daughter cell consists of two strands that were
originally in the parent cell, while the double helix in the other daughter
cell consists of two newly made strands.
B. The two strands of the double helices in both daughter cells consist of
segments of new and parental DNA.
C. The double helices in each daughter cell consist of one parental strand
and one newly made strand.
2. What kinds of bonds link the two strands of a double helix to each other?
A. Covalent bonds
B. Hydrogen bonds
C. Ionic bonds
D. Phosphodiester
3. Replication origins typically consist of a small stretch of DNA that is relatively
easy to open. Which statement is true?
A. Replication origins are rich in A and T nucleotides.
B. Replication origins are rich in G and C nucleotides.
C. Replication origins have equal numbers of A, C, G, and T nucleotides.
4. Which term describes DNA replication?
A. Conservative
B. Semiconservative
C. Dispersive
D. None of these.
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SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION
1. Write a note on semi conservative mode of dna replication ?
2. Write a note on Messelson and Stahl experiment?
3. Write a note DNA polymerase?
4. Write a note Cairns model of replication.
5. Write a note Okazaki fragment.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION
1. Explain the DNA replication in eukaryotes?
2. Explain the DNA replication in prokaryotes?
3. Write a long note on the chromosomal replication model?
4. Write a long note on enzymes used in the DNA replication ?
5. draw a neat diagram of general model of replication.
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Unit-3
Transcription, Translation and Gene regulation
Synthesis of RNA; Transcription signals; Mechanism of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Post
transcriptional modification- basic concepts
Translation and Gene regulation in prokaryotes:- Outline of translation; Requirements of translation;
Genetic Code: Basic features of genetic code, Wobble hypothesis, Overlapping genes, deciphering of
genetic code, Ribosomes: there general nature and role in protein synthesis, charging of tRNAs,
initiation, elongation and termination of protein synthesis in prokaryotes; post translational modification
of polypeptides; regulation of protein synthesis; Lac operon.
MCQ
1. RNA is synthesized on a DNA template in a process called ______, which utilizes
the enzyme _______
a. translation, RNA polymerase
b. transcription, DNA polymerase
c. transcription, RNA polymerase
d. replication, DNA polymerase
2. Which of the following is NOT a necessary component of translation?
a. anticodon
b. mRNA
c. ligase
d. amino acid
3. Okazaki fragments occur on the ___ and are bonded together by ______
a. leading strand, polymerase
b. mRNA, anticodons
c. lagging strand, ligase
d. tRNA, polymerase
4. Which molecule contains the genetic code?
a. DNA
b. mRNA
c. tRNA
d. rRNA
5. Once transcription has been completed, which of the following is NOT
necessary for protein synthesis to occur?
a. tRNA
b. ribosomes
c. mRNA
d. DNA
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SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION
1. Write note on Lac operon?
2. What is wobble hypothesis?
3. What is the function of ribosome ?
4. Write a note on the elongation of transcription in eukaryotic?
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION
1. Write a long note on transcription?
2. Write a long note on translation?
3. Write a note on basic features of genetic code.
4. Explain the post translational modification.
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Unit-4
DNA mutation and repair
Types of mutation; evidence of spontaneous nature of mutation: Luria and Delbruck fluctuation test
and replica testing; mode of action of physical, chemical and biological mutagens-UV rays, nitrous acid,
5-bromouracil, 2-aminopurin, EMS. Reversion in mutation, true reversion, suppression and types of
suppressor mutation; DNA repair mechanism, Photo reactivation, Excision, Mismatch, SOS repair.
MCQ
1. _____ Type of mutation in which a pyrimidine is substituted for a purine
a. Transition
b. Transversion
c. Frameshift
d. Conversion
e. Inversion
2. _____ Type of mutation caused by an addition or deletion of a base in a
polypeptide-encoding
part of a gene
a. Transition
b. Transversion
c. Frameshift
d. Conversion
e. Inversion
3. _____ A base change that changes a codon for an amino acid to a stop codon
a. Missense
b. Silent
c. Nonsense
d. Synonymous
e. Frameshift
4. _____ After mutagen treatment, a molecule of 2-aminopurine (an adenine
analogue) incorporates into DNA. During replication the 2-AP protonates
caussing it to base-pair like guanine. The mutational event caused by this will
be
a. AT to CG
b. GC to AT
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c. AT to TA
d. AT to GC
e. GC to CG
5. _____ A researcher studying hemoglobin predicts that a histidine within the
protein is important for binding oxygen. She used site-directed mutagenesis to
change a codon for histidine (CAU) to one for lysine (AAA). However, the
mutant hemoglobin still binds oxygen just as well as the wild-type and has no
other apparent changes. This type of mutation is called
a. suppression
b. synonymous
c. nonsense
d. silent
e. frameshift
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION
1. Write a note on Luria and Delbruck fluctuation test?
2. What is replica plate method?
3. Write mode of action of physical mutagens
4. Write mode of action of chemical and biological mutagens?
5. What is reversion in mutation?
6. What is photo reactivation DNA repair?
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION
1. Write a long note on types of mutation?
2. What is suppression mutation and types of suppressor mutation
3. Explain the DNA repair mechanism in general?
4. Write in detail about Base excision ans nucleotide excision repair?
5. What is mismatch repair? Explain with neat diagrams.
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Unit-5
Genetic engineering
Recombinant DNA Technology- Definition, principle, Molecular tools of genetic engineering: Cutting
and joining of DNA, Cloning Vectors, Techniques of genetic engineering, Gene library-genomic library
and cDNA library. Application of PCR technology (Diagnosis of pathogen, DNA fingerprinting.)
Directed mutagenesis and protein engineering.
1. An enzyme that recognizes a specific (palindromic) sequence and cuts within a
DNA molecule is called a(n):
(a)exonuclease
(b)methylase
(c)modification enzyme
(d)restriction endonuclease
2. The necessary ingredients for DNA synthesis can be mixed together in a test
tube. The DNA polymerase is from Thermus aquaticus and the template is from
a human cell. The DNA synthesized would be most similar to:
(a)human DNA
(b) T. aquaticus DNA
(c)a mixture of T. aquaticus and human DNA
(d)human RNA
(e)T. aquaticus RNA
3. The amount of a specific DNA sequence can be increased more than 106 fold by
using which of the following chemical reactions?
(a)restriction endonuclease reaction
(b)ligation reaction
(c)polymerase chain reaction
(d)reverse translation
(e)reverse transcriptase reaction
4. Which polymerase made widespread use of PCR possible:
(a)DNA polymerase I
(b)Thermus aquaticus (Taq) polymerase
(c)DNA polymerase III
(d)none of the above
(e)all of the above
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5. Which is the correct order, from smallest to largest number of base pairs?
(a)plasmid, transposon, chromosomal DNA
(b)chromosomal DNA, transposon, plasmid
(c)transposon, plasmid, chromosomal DNA
(d)plasmid, chromosomal DNA transposon
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION
1. What is side directed mutagenesis?
2. What is genomic library?
3. What is cDNA library?
4. What are plasmid vectors?
5. What are endonucleases and exonuclease?
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION
1. What is recombinant DNA technology? Explain the molecular tool of genetic
engineering?
2. Write a note on enzymes used in recombinant DNA technology?
3. What is PCR? Explain the applications of PCR?
4. What is protein engineering?
5. What is vector? Explain the characteristics of a good vector taking PBR322 as
an example?
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