Download Heart Anatomy Notes for students

Heart Anatomy
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Approximately the size of ___________________
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Location
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In the mediastinum, the _________________________________
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On the superior surface of ___________________________
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_____________________ to the left of the midsternal line
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__________________ to the vertebral column, ______________
to the sternum
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Enclosed in pericardium, a ______________________________
Pericardium and Layers of the Heart Wall: see foldable
Chambers, Atria: The Receiving Chambers, and Ventricles: The
Discharging Chambers: see foldable
Pathway of Blood Through the Heart
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The heart is two _________________________________________
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Right side is the pump for the _______________________ circuit
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receives oxygen-poor blood from _______________ through
the large superior and inferior ______________________
and pumps it out through the _________________________
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pulmonary trunk splits into right and left pulmonary _______
that carry blood to the ______________ where
___________ is picked up and _____________ is unloaded
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oxygen-rich blood drains from lungs and is returned to
______ side of heart through the four pulmonary _______
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Left side is the pump for the _______________________ circuit
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pumps blood out of heart into the ___________ from which
systemic arteries branch to supply ____________________
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supplies oxygen- and nutrient-rich blood to all body organs
thus walls are ______________ than right side
Pathway of Blood Through the Heart
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Right atrium  ___________________ right __________________
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Right ventricle  pulmonary ______________________ 
pulmonary ____________  pulmonary ____________  lungs
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Lungs  pulmonary _______________  left _____________
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Left atrium  _________________ valve  left ________________
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Left ventricle  ______________________ valve  _________
Aorta  _______________ circulation
Cardiac Circulation
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Blood supply that oxygenates and nourishes the heart is provided by
the right and left _________________________________ that branch
from the base of the ________________ and encircle the heart in the
coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove) and the junction of the atria
and ventricles
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Coronary arteries and their major branches are _________________
when ventricles are contracting and _______ when heart is relaxed
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Myocardium is drained by ___________________ that empty into an
enlarged vessel on the posterior of the heart called the coronary ____
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Coronary sinus empties into the right _____________
Heart Valves
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Ensure _____________________ blood flow through the heart
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Atrioventricular (AV) valves
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Prevent backflow into the ________ when ventricles contract
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Tricuspid valve (____________)
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Bicuspid valve (____________)
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Chordae tendineae anchor AV valve cusps to papillary muscles
preventing them from ___________________________________
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Semilunar (SL) valves
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Prevent backflow into the ______________ when ventricles relax
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___________ semilunar valve
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____________ semilunar valve
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AV valves are open during heart relaxation and closed when
ventricles are contracting, SL valves are opposite
Microscopic Anatomy of Cardiac Muscle
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Cardiac muscle cells are ________________, short, fat, __________,
and interconnected
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Connective tissue matrix (_________________) connects to the
fibrous skeleton
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Numerous large _____________________ (25–35% of cell volume)
Intercalated discs: junctions between cells ______________________
__________________________ prevent cells from separating during
contraction
__________________________ allow ions to pass; electrically couple
adjacent cells
Heart muscle behaves as a functional __________________
Cardiac Muscle Contraction
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___________________ of the heart is rhythmic and spontaneous
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Depolarization opens voltage-gated fast _______________________
in the sarcolemma
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_____________________ of membrane potential occurs
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Depolarization wave in T tubules causes the SR to release _______
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Depolarization wave also opens slow ___________________ in the
sarcolemma
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Ca2+ surge _______________ the depolarization phase (plateau)
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Ca2+ influx triggers ___________ of Ca2+sensitive channels in the SR,
which liberates bursts of Ca2+
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E-C coupling occurs as Ca2+ binds to _______________ and sliding of
the filaments begins
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Duration of the AP and the contractile phase is much ____________
in cardiac muscle than in skeletal muscle
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____________________ results from inactivation of Ca2+ channels
and opening of voltage-gated K+ channels