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Name: ____________________________ Date: ________________ Hour: _________ Psychoanalytic Therapy Topics in Psychology Types of Psychotherapies Therapy Psychoanalysis Humanistic Therapy Cognitive Therapy Behavior Therapy Psycho-physiological Therapy Main Technique Free association Dream analysis Transferences Active listening Acceptance Support – unconditional positive regard Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Beck’s cognitive therapy Counter-conditioning, operant conditioning Diagnosing biological problem Main Goal Reduce anxiety and guilt over unconscious urges Means of Achieving Goal Verbal processes Help see and fulfill one’s potential Verbal processes Unite behaviors and thought Mental training Change one’s abnormal Behavioral training or unwanted behaviors and acquire desirable behaviors. Decreasing or eliminating Medication symptoms Psychoanalytic Therapy Therapy aimed at making patients aware of their unconscious motives so that they can gain control over their behavior. Freud’s Idea of the Mind’s Structure: Conscious Thoughts, sensations, perceptions, moods, emotions that we are aware of. Preconscious – thoughts, feelings, wishes, and memories located outside awareness but are accessible. Unconscious – the thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories of which we are unaware. Repression – forcible blocking of unacceptable passions and thoughts from our consciousness because they would be too unsettling to acknowledge. If we are unaware, why does the unconscious matter? According to Freud, these unconscious feelings and ideas powerfully influence us, sometimes gaining expression in disguised forms – the work we choose, the beliefs we hold, our daily habits, our troublesome symptoms (he did, after all, study neurotic patients). Freud’s Personality Structure Ego – part of the personality that is in touch with reality and strives to meet the demands of the id and superego in socially acceptable ways. Superego – part of personality that is the source of conscience and inhibits the socially desirable impulses of the id. Moral part of the personality. Operates based on Reality Principle – checks the Pleasure Principle; still seeks pleasure and avoids pain, but is realistic. Operates based on the Moral Principle – the conscience. Has extremely high ideals and can create conflict; can be overly harsh. Gradually forms in children in ages 2-3 Id – portion of unconscious personality that contains needs, drives, instincts, and repressed material. Fun, lustful, drive-run part of unconscious Id and Superego conflict Id and Superego both conflict with reality Operates on Pleasure Principle Instant gratification over deferral Infants are completely id. Id = wants to do; ego = can do; superego = should do Free Association A method used to examine the unconscious; the patients are instructed to say whatever comes to his or her mind first. Since the therapist is typically trying to uncover painful memories and feelings, the patient often experiences resistance – the reluctance of a patient either to reveal painful feelings or to examine long-standing behavior patterns. Dream Analysis A technique used by psychoanalysts to interpret the content of patient’s dreams. Transference The process, experienced by the patient, of feeling toward an analyst or therapist the way he or she feels or felt toward some other important figure in his or her life. Projective Tests – personality tests to uncover hidden emotions. Therapist presents vague stimuli and the patient “projects” hidden feelings onto test.