Download Unit 13 Therapy

Unit 13
Therapy
THERAPY (OBJ.1)
  Psychotherapy
– emotional, interaction between a
trained therapist and disorder patient
  Biomedical therapy – medications that act on NS
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Mental Illness – Philippe Pinel & Dorothea Dix
  Eclectic
Approach (50%) - uses techniques from
various forms of therapy
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Psychotherapy integration – all into one therapy
Evidence-based practice – best research with clinical expertise and
patients characteristics
Psychoanalysis
Humanistic Therapies
Behavior Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Group / Family Therapies
Biomedical Therapies
PSYCHOANALYSIS THERAPY
FREUDIAN (OBJ. 1)
  Goal:
gain insight into unconscious origins of their disorders
  Techniques: Interpretation of: Free association / Dreams
  Resistance – blocking of anxiety-laden material
insight into your underlying wishes, feelings and conflicts
  analysis of dreams latent (hidden) content
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Transference – long-repressed feelings transferred to the
therapist (Love – Anger)
  Criticisms: Interpretations cannot be proven or disproven
  Power in the hands of therapist
  Time consuming / Costly
  Repressed/Recovered/Implanted memory???
  Psychodynamic Therapy: focused more on today than past
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HUMANISTIC THERAPY
ROGERS (OBJ.2)
  Goal:
focus on clients current conscious feelings and on their
taking responsibility for their own growth (Insight
Therapy)
  Techniques: client-centered therapy
  Client s conscious self-perceptions not therapist s
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Nondirective therapy
Active listening: echoing, restating, and clarification
express acceptance, empathy & genuineness
  No judging or interpreting
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Increase self-understanding and self-acceptance
  Unconditional positive regard – acceptance of others
  Reflective Listening w/ friends
  Paraphrase, Invite clarification, Reflect feelings
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BEHAVIOR THERAPY
PAVLOV / WATSON / SKINNER (OBJ. 3)
Goal: Apply learning principles (Classical & Operant Cond.)
to eliminate unwanted behavior
  Techniques: Counterconditioning - conditions new
responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors
(stimulus / response)
  Exposure Therapy: expose people to things they fear/avoid
  Systematic desensitization: relaxed state is associated w/
gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
  flooding / imploding
  Virtual Reality / Exposure therapy: anxiety treatment
that exposes people to simulations of their fears
  Aversive conditioning: unpleasant state is associated w/
an unwanted behavior
  Operant Conditioning: reinforcing desired behaviors,
withholding it for undesired behaviors, behavior
modification
  attention, food, token economy
  Criticisms: What happens when reinforcement stops?
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BEHAVIOR THERAPY
PAVLOV / WATSON / SKINNER (OBJ. 3)
Aversive conditioning: unpleasant state is
associated w/ an unwanted behavior
  Operant Conditioning: reinforcing desired
behaviors, withholding it for undesired behaviors,
behavior modification
 attention, food, token economy
  Criticisms: What happens when reinforcement stops?
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BEHAVIOR THERAPY
  Systematic
Desensitization
FLOODING
  Goal:
COGNITIVE THERAPY
BECK – ELLIS (OBJ. 4)
teach new, more constructive ways of
thinking since thinking colors our feelings
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Mood / Anxiety Disorders
  Techniques:
reverse clients negative beliefs, future
self-blaming and over generalized explanations
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depressions vicious cycle
suggestion = criticism, friendship = pity
 depressed people don t exhibit self-serving bias
  Cognitive (thinking) – Behavior (acting) therapy
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replace irrational (neg.) thinking w/ rational (pos.) thinking
use positive reinforcement to change actions
Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET)
• Albert Ellis
• ABC s (A=Activating event – B=Belief – C=Consequent emotion)
THERAPY STATEMENTS / QUESTIONS
A. 
B. 
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F. 
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Tell me about your earliest memories   Psychoanalysis
from childhood.
  Cognitive
What were the consequences that
happened after you punched your boss?   Behavior
Rank order the things that frighten you  Humanistic
from least to most so we can build a plan
to overcome them.
Have you been having recurring
dreams?
You have developed a very powerful
mental set that you are a loser.
If you can refrain from losing your
temper, you ll get two red stars.
How does that make you feel?
GROUP THERAPIES (OBJ. 5)
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Goal: allows people to discover that others have problems similar to their
own and to try out new ways of behaving
Techniques:
  Sensitivity Training Groups (T Groups):
  relating to others more empathetically, sensitively and openly
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Active listening
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Encounter Groups:
  members confront emotion-laden experiences openly and honestly
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Communication Retreat
self-help and support groups
  AA Alcoholics Anonymous
Family therapy:
  Relationship healing, family members discover the role they play in
the healthy family s system
DOES THERAPY WORK? (OBJ.6-8)
  Meta-analysis
– statistically combining the results of many
different research studies (therapy effectiveness)
  Untreated often improve, treated more likely to improve
Regression toward the mean – tendency for extreme or unusual
scores to fall back (regress) toward their average.
  Placebo effect better than nothing
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Eye Movement and Desensitization (EMDR), not
supported
  Light exposure, supported for (SAD)
  Evidence-based practice – clinical decision-making that
integrates the best available research and practices
  Eclectic approach based on evidence
  clinical expertise and patient characteristics
  Psychotherapies offer new hope, fresh perspective and
empathic relationship
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Meta –analysis, Regression toward the mean, Evidence-based practice
Humanistic
Actions
BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES (OBJ.11-14)
  Psychopharmacology
– study of the effects of drugs
on mind and behavior
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placebo effect – double blind procedure
  Antipsychotic
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Drugs
Schizophrenia:
Positive symptoms (hallucinations / paranoia)
  blocking dopamine receptors (antagonist)
  fine line between symptom relief and unpleasant
side effects (tardive dyskinesia), Parkinson like
  negative symptoms (apathy, withdrawal) not as
treatable, some drug can reanimates patients
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BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES
  Antianxiety
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Drugs
Anxiety disorders
reduce tension and anxiety without sleepiness
 criticism – reduce symptoms wo/ resolving
underlying problems
  Antidepressant Drugs SSRIs (selective-serotoninreuptake-inhibitors)
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Mood and Anxiety disorders:
increases norepinephine and serotonin
 blocks reuptake
 Lithium: salt, stabilizes mood of bipolar patients
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BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES
BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES (OBJ.12)
  Electroconvulsive
Therapy (ECT) - brief electric
current is sent through the brain, causes seizures/
convulsions
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balances neurotransmitters
severely depressed patients
  Psychosurgery
- surgery that removes brain tissue
to change behavior
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Lobotomy - now-rare psychosurgical procedure to treat emotional/
violent patients - cutting nerves connecting frontal lobes w/ limbic
system
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
(rTMS)