Download Behaviorism

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EDU501: LECTURE 5
BEHAVIOURAL LEARNING THEORIES (BLT) Response
Stimulus
Behavioral Learning Theory
The behavioral learning theory ( BLT ) is represented as an S‐R paradigm. The organism is treated The behavioral learning theory is as a “black box.” We only know represented as an S‐R paradigm. The organism is treated as a “black box.” We what is going on inside the box by only
only know what is going on inside the box th know what
the organism’s overt behavior
i ’is goingt on
b inside
h i the box
by the organism’s overt behavior.
Stimulus
(S)
Organism
Response
(O)
(R)
FOCUS ‰HOW CAN WE CHANGE STUDENTS’ BEHAVIOUR TO ENABLE THEM TO LEARN
‰HOW CAN WE MODIFY STUDENTS BHAVIOUR FROM INAPPROPRIATE TO APPROPRIATE
FROM INAPPROPRIATE TO APPROPRIATE BEHAVIOUR MAJOR CONCERNS
EMPHASIS – the changing of the learner’s observable behavior, For behaviorism, learning is the acquisition of new behavior through conditioning.
Behaviour – any observable response/ subject learning outcomes( lesson objectives )
Behaviorism
a. Classical Conditioning
b. Operant Conditioning
c. Observation
“Forget the mind…”
Psychology should based on
observable behavior
John B. Watson
(Richardson, 1999)
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• Pavlov (1839‐
1936)
• Classical
Conditioning Behavior changes
as a result of
experience
Major Thinkers in Behaviorism:
•Ivan Pavlov
•B. F. Skinner
•Edward Thorndike •John B. Watson
•Clark Hull
•Albert Bandura
B.F.Skinner
• OPERANT CONDITIONING
‐A behavior is repeated if it is reinforced, and extinguished if it is not reinforced.
‐ Learning from the consequences of your behaviour Thorndike (1874‐1949)
Ivan Pavlov
J.B.Watson (1878‐1958)
• Coined the term behaviorism
• Learning was a process of building conditioned reflexes through the substitution of one stimulus for another Social Learning Theory
Thorndike’s Law of
Effect
A response is
strengthened if it is
followed by pleasure,
and weakened if
followed by
displeasure (or pain).
ALBERT BANDURA
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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING – Ivan Pavlov EXAMPLE OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING ‐ Association of automatic response with new stimuli
‐ Unconditioned stimulus produces unconditioned response
‐ Conditioned stimulus – stimulus that , with ,
experience, produces a leaned or acquired response ‐ Conditioned response – a response that is linked to a particular stimulus through conditioning by being paired with the stimulus northern.ac.uk
• Humans/animals can be trained to react involuntarily to a
stimulus that previously had no effect on them.
- Ringing of the bell, appearance of the teacher, giving out
homework,
CLASSROOM EXAMPLE
Classical Conditioning Theory
Classical conditioning was the first type of For example, if a child is constantly corrected during a reading exercise, the child’s feelings of humiliation may learning to be discovered and studied within ultimately be replaced by a fear of reading aloud. the behaviorist tradition (hence the name Eventually whenever the teacher announces read‐aloud‐
classical)
classical).
time, the child may withdraw or begin exhibiting undesirable behavior. The major theorist in the development of classical conditioning is Ivan Pavlov, a Russian For this reason, it is important for teachers to be careful or scientist trained in biology and medicine (as prepare their students very well when engaging in such was his German contemporary, Sigmund potentially “risky” activities in the classroom; it is Freud).
important to minimize embarrassment or disappointment in the case of failure.
Classical Conditioning
How can we condition students to come to school everyday? Not to play truant?
Using classical conditioning, we CAN :
¾ Affect students likes/dislikes
¾ Influence our student’s attitudes
¾ Develop a respect for authority
¾ Develop self – regulated learners
¾ Produce intrinsically motivated learners
• If you make your classroom a good place for students to be, then they will want to b th
be there, and generally be d
ll b
both on task and well behaved ….How can you make your classroom a good place for students to be? 3
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How can we condition students to like school, to feel secure and happy..
How can we condition students to be self‐
regulated learners? To be self‐motivated?
Implications of Classical Conditioning in the Classroom
• Students engaging in activities that evoke positive responses/feelings
• Activities that students’ associate with negativity, failure, punishment can be sources of anxiety (can lead to avoidance behaviors)
• Therefore, set students up for success; prepare, plan, • School should have a successful, positive environment
• Don’t want to condition behaviors that evoke anxiety or fear
• School failure leads to anxiety
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