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Download Evolution Unit Study Guide – Chapters 14 and 15
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Evolution Unit Study Guide – Chapters 14 and 15 KNOW Scientific theory Evolution Geologic Time Scale Charles Darwin Natural selection Adaptation Genetic variation Competition Overproduction Branching diagram (Cladogram) Common ancestor Fossil Relative dating of fossils Law of Superposition Absolute (radiometric) dating of fossils Species Speciation Molecular (Biochemical) Evidence Anatomical Evidence Embryological Evidence Homologous structures Vestigial structures Analogous structures Punctuated equilibrium Gradualism Endosymbiont Theory Mimicry Camouflage Antibiotic resistance Pesticide resistance UNDERSTAND 1. Fossils found in deeper layers of sedimentary rock are older than fossils closer to the surface (Law of Superposition). 2. Fossils are the primary source of evidence for evolution, 3. Other sources of evidence include: a. b. c. d. similar body structures (homologous) in very different organisms (i.e., the bones in dolphin flippers, bat wings and human forearms are all similar); DNA similarities among organisms (the more closely related organisms share more DNA, and branched apart more recently); early development of embryos among different species (chickens, rats, turtles and us) is similar in structure. Vestigial structures and analogous structures 4. Competing theories of speciation include punctuated equilibrium and gradual speciation. 5. Species can change due to mutations and also through the variations introduced by the combining and mixing of genes in sexual reproduction. 6. The evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction is introducing variations into a population. 7. More evolved organisms have a higher tendency to reproduce sexually than asexually. 8. The age of the earth and the history of the appearance of living organisms on this planet. BE ABLE TO 1. Analyze and answer questions about a branching diagram. 2. Identify and describe the various sources of evidence for evolution. 3. Compare and contrast relative dating and absolute dating. 4. Compare and contrast gradualism and punctuated equilibrium (and identify diagrams of each). 5. Compare and contrast convergent evolution and divergent evolution. 6. Explain how variations help the survival of a species and give examples of variations helping a species survive. 7. Explain why cloning the few remaining members of an endangered species still leaves a very weak species, even if we could clone many of them. 8. Explain what scientists theorize was the order of appearance of the first few types of organisms on the earth, and why this theory makes sense. 9. Describe evolution in terms of a scientific theory. 10. Summarize the endosymbiont theory and explain its importance. 11. Discuss how overproduction of a species affects natural selection and give examples of overproduction. 12. Describe several ways in which humans behave differently from what is naturally expected with evolution and natural selection. HW PACKET: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Mechanisms of Evolution Notes Evolution Notes Evolution Webquest Evidence for Evolution Practice Dogs Decoded Worksheet Evolution Review Notes Shaping Evolution Theory Evolution Warm-up Challenge 13. Explain, in terms of evolution, why it is important to finish ALL of your antibiotics. 14. Use pesticide resistance to illustrate evolution in action. 15. Explain how evolution happens between generations, rather than in one organism’s lifespan. 16. Describe the mechanisms of natural selection. 17. Describe the scenarios which result in stabilizing selection, directional selection, and disruptive selection. Evolution Unit Study Guide - Chapters 14 and 15 KNOW Scientific theory Evolution Geologic Time Scale Charles Darwin Natural selection Adaptation Genetic variation Competition Overproduction Branching diagram (Cladogram) Common ancestor Fossil Relative dating of fossils Law of Superposition Absolute (radiometric) dating of fossils Species Speciation Molecular (Biochemical) Evidence Anatomical Evidence Embryological Evidence Homologous structures Vestigial structures Analogous structures Punctuated equilibrium Gradualism Endosymbiont Theory Mimicry Camouflage Antibiotic resistance Pesticide resistance UNDERSTAND 1. Fossils found in deeper layers of sedimentary rock are older than fossils closer to the surface (Law of Superposition). 2. Fossils are the primary source of evidence for evolution, 3. Other sources of evidence include: a. b. c. d. similar body structures (homologous) in very different organisms (i.e., the bones in dolphin flippers, bat wings and human forearms are all similar); DNA similarities among organisms (the more closely related organisms share more DNA, and branched apart more recently); early development of embryos among different species (chickens, rats, turtles and us) is similar in structure. Vestigial structures and analogous structures 4. Competing theories of speciation include punctuated equilibrium and gradual speciation. 5. Species can change due to mutations and also through the variations introduced by the combining and mixing of genes in sexual reproduction. 6. The evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction is introducing variations into a population. 7. More evolved organisms have a higher tendency to reproduce sexually than asexually. 8. The age of the earth and the history of the appearance of living organisms on this planet. BE ABLE TO 1. Analyze and answer questions about a branching diagram. 2. Identify and describe the various sources of evidence for evolution. 3. Compare and contrast relative dating and absolute dating. 4. Compare and contrast gradualism and punctuated equilibrium (and identify diagrams of each). 5. Compare and contrast convergent evolution and divergent evolution. 6. Explain how variations help the survival of a species and give examples of variations helping a species survive. 7. Explain why cloning the few remaining members of an endangered species still leaves a very weak species, even if we could clone many of them. 8. Explain what scientists theorize was the order of appearance of the first few types of organisms on the earth, and why this theory makes sense. 9. Describe evolution in terms of a scientific theory. 10. Summarize the endosymbiont theory and explain its importance. 11. Discuss how overproduction of a species affects natural selection and give examples of overproduction. 12. Describe several ways in which humans behave differently from what is naturally expected with evolution and natural selection. HW PACKET: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Mechanisms of Evolution Notes Evolution Notes Evolution Webquest Evidence for Evolution Practice Dogs Decoded Worksheet Evolution Review Notes Shaping Evolution Theory Evolution Warm-up Challenge 13. Explain, in terms of evolution, why it is important to finish ALL of your antibiotics. 14. Use pesticide resistance to illustrate evolution in action. 15. Explain how evolution happens between generations, rather than in one organism’s lifespan. 16. Describe the mechanisms of natural selection. 17. Describe the scenarios which result in stabilizing selection, directional selection, and disruptive selection.
