Download Mods 40 – 42 Therapy Unit Essay Question Options

Mods 40 – 42 Therapy Unit Essay Question Options
1. Briefly describe each of the disorders listed below. For each
disorder, include a general description of the disorder, a review of
symptomology, the mode of treatment currently viewed as most
effective, and the rationale for use of this treatment.
A. Anxiety disorder – heightened fear or tension that causes
psychological or physical illness
Symptoms –
 Easily startled
 Unable to relax
 Dizziness/Lightheadedness
 Sweating
 Nausea
 Difficulty concentrating
 Trouble sleeping
 Dreading next “attack” of fear
Treatment
 Benzodiazepines
 Psychotherapy
 Relaxation Therapy
B. Bipolar disorder – disease that causes extreme mood swings
and instability
Symptoms –
 Difficulty concentrating
 Weight loss or gain
 Become tired or slow/ then euphoria
 Trouble sleeping
 Feelings of worthlessness
 No interest in past activities
 Restlessness
Treatment
 Medical treatment (Aplenzin, Cymbaltl)
 Therapy
C. Schizophrenia – disorder that causes delusions and
hallucinations
Symptoms –
 Auditory and visual hallucinations
 Delusions
 Paranoia
 Being socially distant
 Loss of interest in past activities
 Feelings of helplessness
Treatment
 Antipsychotic drugs (Clozapine)
 Cognitive behavior therapy
 Rehabilitation
2. Briefly discuss the cause(s) and treatment(s) of depression from
the perspective of each of the following psychological approaches.
A. Psychodynamic/psychoanalytical
Causes- something in the past, repressed memories, parental
issues
Treatments- therapy, dream analysis, free association,
transference, resistance, interpretation
B. Biological/medical
Causes- chemical imbalance, bad brain structure
Treatments- Drugs, surgery
C. Cognitive
Causes- clients views of them self
Treatment- therapists telling the patient their statements don’t
match
3. Describe the therapeutic procedure called systematic
desensitization. Select a specific disorder for which this therapy is
effective and explain how the basic phenomena listed below play a
part in successful treatment.
A. Anxiety hierarchy
B. Relaxation
C. Generalization
D. Extinction
Systematic desensitization: a type of counter conditioning that
associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing
anxiety-triggering stimuli.
Phobias:
A. A person doing this would make a list of not-so-scary to terrifying
situations, involving the phobia
B. Relaxation methods would then be learned with the help of a
therapist
C. When someone can get through the least frightening stimuli while
staying relaxed the whole time, they can move up the list until they
can get to the most terrifying thing without coming out of
relaxation. Once they can do this, they will generalize all the
situations involving their phobia with relaxation.
D. Once the fear is lost during relaxation, the phobia is extinct.
4. A. Discuss the cause of anxiety from each of the following
perspectives.
* Behavioral- Would suggest that the anxiety was learned through
observation or conditioning from an outside source.
* Psychodynamic/psychoanalytical- Suggest that the anxiety was
due to unconscious thoughts
* Biological/medical-would suggest that the cause was due to an
anxiety disorder, due to chemical imbalance or brain dysfunction
* Cognitive- suggests that the person was thinking about their
anxiety in an irrational way.
B. Discuss a specific treatment technique for reducing anxiety used
by professionals representing each of the four perspectives.
* Behavioral: treatment would be over a short period of time
-Systematic Desensitization would be used as counterconditioning in order to treat phobias
Steps of Systematic Desensitization
1. Anxiety Hierarchy
2. Train relaxation techniques
3. Apply the techniques to the hierarchy
-Aversion Therapy would be when the client learns to
become fearful of the stimuli
-Extinction Technique would use operant conditioning to
eliminate a behavior, by ignoring sources of anxiety.
-Token Economy would use positive reinforcement to
encourage people to engage in appropriate behaviors for a reward.
* Psychodynamic/psychoanalytical: treatment would be several
sessions a week over a long-term period, in order to help the
patient discover unconscious conflicts while the therapist remained
neutral.
-Dream Analysis to reflect symbolic or unconscious desires
- Free Association to verbalize thoughts or feelings that
come to the patient’s consciousness
-Ego Analysis
-Interpersonal Therapy
-Individual Analysis
* Biological/medical: would uses medical procedures or medication
in order to treat anxiety disorders
-ECT would uses electro currents in the brain creating
convulsions
-Psychopharmacologic Treatments
-Antipsychotics used to reduce serious symptoms
-Antianxiety medication
-benzodiazapines: Valium, Xanax, Librium
* Cognitive
-REBT(Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy) people who
engage in false self-talk, client will become aware of their irrational
thoughts
-Cognitive Therapy the therapist would draw attention to
the faulty reasoning of the client and question the validity of
statements that the client makes