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Download Mods 40 – 42 Therapy Unit Essay Question Options
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Mods 40 – 42 Therapy Unit Essay Question Options 1. Briefly describe each of the disorders listed below. For each disorder, include a general description of the disorder, a review of symptomology, the mode of treatment currently viewed as most effective, and the rationale for use of this treatment. A. Anxiety disorder – heightened fear or tension that causes psychological or physical illness Symptoms – Easily startled Unable to relax Dizziness/Lightheadedness Sweating Nausea Difficulty concentrating Trouble sleeping Dreading next “attack” of fear Treatment Benzodiazepines Psychotherapy Relaxation Therapy B. Bipolar disorder – disease that causes extreme mood swings and instability Symptoms – Difficulty concentrating Weight loss or gain Become tired or slow/ then euphoria Trouble sleeping Feelings of worthlessness No interest in past activities Restlessness Treatment Medical treatment (Aplenzin, Cymbaltl) Therapy C. Schizophrenia – disorder that causes delusions and hallucinations Symptoms – Auditory and visual hallucinations Delusions Paranoia Being socially distant Loss of interest in past activities Feelings of helplessness Treatment Antipsychotic drugs (Clozapine) Cognitive behavior therapy Rehabilitation 2. Briefly discuss the cause(s) and treatment(s) of depression from the perspective of each of the following psychological approaches. A. Psychodynamic/psychoanalytical Causes- something in the past, repressed memories, parental issues Treatments- therapy, dream analysis, free association, transference, resistance, interpretation B. Biological/medical Causes- chemical imbalance, bad brain structure Treatments- Drugs, surgery C. Cognitive Causes- clients views of them self Treatment- therapists telling the patient their statements don’t match 3. Describe the therapeutic procedure called systematic desensitization. Select a specific disorder for which this therapy is effective and explain how the basic phenomena listed below play a part in successful treatment. A. Anxiety hierarchy B. Relaxation C. Generalization D. Extinction Systematic desensitization: a type of counter conditioning that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Phobias: A. A person doing this would make a list of not-so-scary to terrifying situations, involving the phobia B. Relaxation methods would then be learned with the help of a therapist C. When someone can get through the least frightening stimuli while staying relaxed the whole time, they can move up the list until they can get to the most terrifying thing without coming out of relaxation. Once they can do this, they will generalize all the situations involving their phobia with relaxation. D. Once the fear is lost during relaxation, the phobia is extinct. 4. A. Discuss the cause of anxiety from each of the following perspectives. * Behavioral- Would suggest that the anxiety was learned through observation or conditioning from an outside source. * Psychodynamic/psychoanalytical- Suggest that the anxiety was due to unconscious thoughts * Biological/medical-would suggest that the cause was due to an anxiety disorder, due to chemical imbalance or brain dysfunction * Cognitive- suggests that the person was thinking about their anxiety in an irrational way. B. Discuss a specific treatment technique for reducing anxiety used by professionals representing each of the four perspectives. * Behavioral: treatment would be over a short period of time -Systematic Desensitization would be used as counterconditioning in order to treat phobias Steps of Systematic Desensitization 1. Anxiety Hierarchy 2. Train relaxation techniques 3. Apply the techniques to the hierarchy -Aversion Therapy would be when the client learns to become fearful of the stimuli -Extinction Technique would use operant conditioning to eliminate a behavior, by ignoring sources of anxiety. -Token Economy would use positive reinforcement to encourage people to engage in appropriate behaviors for a reward. * Psychodynamic/psychoanalytical: treatment would be several sessions a week over a long-term period, in order to help the patient discover unconscious conflicts while the therapist remained neutral. -Dream Analysis to reflect symbolic or unconscious desires - Free Association to verbalize thoughts or feelings that come to the patient’s consciousness -Ego Analysis -Interpersonal Therapy -Individual Analysis * Biological/medical: would uses medical procedures or medication in order to treat anxiety disorders -ECT would uses electro currents in the brain creating convulsions -Psychopharmacologic Treatments -Antipsychotics used to reduce serious symptoms -Antianxiety medication -benzodiazapines: Valium, Xanax, Librium * Cognitive -REBT(Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy) people who engage in false self-talk, client will become aware of their irrational thoughts -Cognitive Therapy the therapist would draw attention to the faulty reasoning of the client and question the validity of statements that the client makes