Download Electricity and Magnetism – Ch 1 “Magnetism”

Electricity and Magnetism – Ch 1 “Magnetism”
Ch 1.1 What is Magnetism? - Properties of Magnets
• A _________________ is any material that attracts
_________ and materials that contain iron
– A mineral with magnetic _________________was first
discovered in ancient _________________ 2,000 years
ago and was named “__________________” after the
city Manesia.
– If left to _______________________, a magnet will
always point ___________, where the North Star
(_________________) is located.
Magnetic Poles
• ______________________– the ends of a magnetic object,
where the magnetic force is _________________.
– A magnet always has a __________of ___________, a
north pole and a south pole.
– Magnetic poles that are _________________ (opposite)
___________ each other, and magnetic poles that are
alike ______________ each other.
• _______________________ - the _________________or
_________________between magnetic poles.
– Can create a ___________________________ that can
cause an object to _______________
– Magnetic forces occur _______________, but can be
used by ____________.
• Ex. Toy ________________
Magnetic fields
• _________________________ – the region around a magnet
where the magnetic force is _________________.
– Is strongest at the ______________ of a magnet, but it
_________________the magnet
– Can cause magnets to _________________ without
even _________________
• _________________________ – invisible lines that
_________________ the magnetic field around a magnet
• Magnetic field lines ______________________from one
pole, ____________________________ the magnet, and
return to the other pole.
• When the magnetic fields of two or more magnets
________________, the result is a _____________________
field.
A Single Magnetic Field
• Although you cannot __________ a magnetic field, you can
see its ____________________.
• The photograph shows ______________________ sprinkled
on a sheet of plastic that covers one _________________.
Combined Magnetic Fields
• This picture shows the magnetic field produced when the
poles of __________ bar magnets are brought
_____________ each other.
• Compare the _________________ field of two __________
poles to that of two ____________________ poles.
Ch 1.2 Inside a Magnet - The Atom
• The magnetic _________________ of a material depend on
the __________________ of its atoms.
• ______________– smallest particle of an
_________________ that has the properties of that element.
• ___________________– one of about _________ basic
materials that make up all _________________.
• Atoms consist of:
• _________________ - center region of an atom that
contains _____________________________
• ______________ – a particle that carries a
_________________ charge
• ______________ – a particle that _____________
carry a charge.
• ___________________ – particle that carries a
_________________ charge.
• move _________________ throughout the atom
• much ______________ than neutrons and protons
Electron Spin
• A __________________________ produces a magnetic field
that makes the electron behave like a tiny
________________ in an atom.
– Electrons form _________ that spin in
__________________ directions
– If an atom _____________ or _____________ an
electron it will ___________________ the atoms
magnetic field.
Magnetic Domains
• _________________________ – region in which the
magnetic fields of all atoms are __________________ in the
same _______________________.
– If this occurs it creates a
_______________________________ in an object
– If the fields are not __________________ (pointing in
the same direction) then the object does not have a
___________________________________.
• In a ____________________ material, ______________ of
the magnet domains are arranged in the ___________
direction.
Magnetic Materials
• _________________________ – a material that shows
____________ magnetic properties
– In nature, __________, nickel, _____________, and
gadolinium are ___________________ ferromagnetic
materials
• The _______________ that we use are usually made from
_____________.
– ______________– a combination of several
_____________
– Ex. alnico – alloy made of ___uminum, ___ickel,
__ron, and ____balt
• _______________ magnets come in a variety of
________________ and are made from many different
________________.
Making and Changing Magnets
• No magnet can last ________________. Magnets can be
____________, destroyed, or _________________ apart.
• Magnets can be _____________ by…
– placing an _______________________ ferromagnetic
material in a strong ___________________________
– ________________ the material with one pole of a
magnet.
• _________________________ - made from a material that
easily ____________ its magnetism
• _________________________ – made of material that
____________ its magnetism.
– __________________ to magnetize
• Permanent magnets can also be ___________________ by…
– ________________ or _________________ the magnet
– __________________ the magnet
• Magnets can also be _______________ in two.
• When a magnet is ________________, each piece of a
magnet _________________ its magnetic
__________________ after it is cut in half.
Ch 1.3 Magnetic Earth - Earth as a Magnet
• Just like a bar magnet, _______________ has a magnetic
__________ surrounding it and two magnetic ____________.
• The magnetic poles are located on Earth’s _______________
where the magnetic force is _______________________.
• They are located close to the ___________ poles but
not exactly at them (about ______________ km off)
• Because of this, a ______________________ will not
point ______________ to the north (axis) pole.
• _________________________ – angle between
____________________ north and the north to which a
compass needle ________________.
• The ___________________ of Earth’s magnetic poles does
not stay the ____________.
• Therefore, the magnetic declination _______________ over
__________________.
Earth’s Magnetic Field
• Since Earth produces a strong ______________________,
Earth itself can make _________________ out of
_______________________ materials.
– Can attract _______________ strong enough to line
them up in the same __________________.
• Ex. If you left a metal bar lying in a
___________-_____________ direction for many
years, the Earth could ________________ the bar.
• The same thing may happen to _______________________
rocks on the __________________ floor.
• When molten material ______________ into the rock of the
ocean floor, the _________________ of the Earth’s magnetic
field at that time is ________________________ recorded.
The Magnetosphere
• Earth’s magnetic field affects the ______________________
of __________________________ particles in space and
visa versa.
• ______________________– two ________________-shaped
regions ___________-___________ kilometers above Earth
that contain electrons and protons traveling at
__________________.
• ____________________– streams of electrically charged
_______________ flowing at high speeds from the ________
• ____________________– region of Earth’s magnetic field
shaped by the ________________________.
• The solar wind causes Earth’s magnetic field to
_______________________ on the side of Earth
_____________________ the sun.
• Recall from the space chapters….
• __________________– glowing region produced by the
_____________________ of charged particles from the sun
and ____________ in the __________________________.
• In the _______________ Hemisphere, an aurora is
called the ___________________Lights, or
_________________________.
• In the _________________ Hemisphere, it is called the
_______________________ Lights, or
_________________________.
Electricity and Magnetism – Ch 1 “Magnetism” (ad.)
Ch 1.1 What is Magnetism? - Properties of Magnets
• A _________________ is any material that attracts iron and
materials that contain iron
– A mineral with magnetic properties was first discovered
in ancient Greece 2,000 years ago and was named
“__________________” after the city Manesia.
– If left to swing freely, a magnet will always point
___________, where the North Star (Polaris) is located.
Magnetic Poles
• ______________________– the ends of a magnetic object,
where the magnetic force is strongest.
– A magnet always has a pair of ___________, a north
pole and a south pole.
– Magnetic poles that are unlike (opposite) ___________
each other, and magnetic poles that are alike
___________ each other.
• _______________________ - the attraction or repulsion
between magnetic poles.
– Can create a ___________________________ that can
cause an object to move
– Magnetic forces occur _______________, but can be
used by man.
• Ex. Toy ________________
Magnetic fields
• _________________________ – the region around a magnet
where the magnetic force is exerted.
– Is strongest at the ______________ of a magnet, but it
surrounds the magnet
– Can cause magnets to _________________ without
even touching
• _________________________ – invisible lines that map out
the magnetic field around a magnet
• Magnetic field lines spread out from one pole,
____________________________ the magnet, and return to
the other pole.
• When the magnetic fields of two or more magnets overlap,
the result is a ________________________ field.
A Single Magnetic Field
• Although you cannot see a magnetic field, you can see its
____________________.
• The photograph shows ______________________ sprinkled
on a sheet of plastic that covers one magnet.
Combined Magnetic Fields
• This picture shows the magnetic field produced when the
poles of two bar magnets are brought _____________ each
other.
• Compare the combined field of two like poles to that of two
____________________ poles.
Ch 1.2 Inside a Magnet - The Atom
• The magnetic properties of a material depend on the
__________________ of its atoms.
• ______________– smallest particle of an element that has
the properties of that element.
• ___________________– one of about 100 basic materials
that make up all matter.
• Atoms consist of:
• _________________ - center region of an atom that
contains protons and neutrons
• ______________ – a particle that carries a
positive charge
• ______________ – a particle that does not carry a
charge.
• ___________________ – particle that carries a negative
charge.
• move _________________ throughout the atom
• much ______________ than neutrons and protons
Electron Spin
• A spinning electron produces a magnetic field that makes the
electron behave like a tiny ________________ in an atom.
– Electrons form pairs that spin in __________________
directions
– If an atom looses or _____________ an electron it will
increase the atoms magnetic field.
Magnetic Domains
• _________________________ – region in which the
magnetic fields of all atoms are lined up in the same
direction.
– If this occurs it creates a magnetic ________________
in an object
– If the fields are not __________________ (pointing in
the same direction) then the object does not have a
magnetic property.
• In a magnetized material, all or most of the magnet domains
are arranged in the ___________ direction.
Magnetic Materials
• _________________________ – a material that shows strong
magnetic properties
– In nature, iron, nickel, cobalt, and gadolinium are
___________________ ferromagnetic materials
• The _______________ that we use are usually made from
alloys.
– ______________– a combination of several metals
– Ex. alnico – alloy made of ___uminum, ___ickel,
__ron, and ____balt
• Modern magnets come in a variety of ________________
and are made from many different materials.
Making and Changing Magnets
• No magnet can last ________________. Magnets can be
made, destroyed, or broken apart.
• Magnets can be _____________ by…
– placing an _______________________ ferromagnetic
material in a strong magnetic field
– ________________ the material with one pole of a
magnet.
• _________________________ - made from a material that
easily loses its magnetism
• _________________________ – made of material that keeps
its magnetism.
– __________________ to magnetize
• Permanent magnets can also be ___________________ by…
– Dropping or ___________________ the magnet
– __________________ the magnet
• Magnets can also be _______________ in two.
• When a magnet is broken, each piece of a magnet
_________________ its magnetic properties after it is cut in
half.
Ch 1.3 Magnetic Earth - Earth as a Magnet
• Just like a bar magnet, _______________ has a magnetic
field surrounding it and two magnetic poles.
• The magnetic poles are located on Earth’s surface where the
magnetic force is _______________________.
• They are located close to the ___________ poles but
not exactly at them (about 1,250 km off)
• Because of this, a compass will not point
______________ to the north (axis) pole.
• _________________________ – angle between geographic
north and the north to which a compass needle points.
• The ___________________ of Earth’s magnetic poles does
not stay the same.
• Therefore, the magnetic declination _______________ over
time.
Earth’s Magnetic Field
• Since Earth produces a strong magnetic field, Earth itself can
make _________________ out of ferromagnetic materials.
– Can attract domains strong enough to line them up in
the same __________________.
• Ex. If you left a metal bar lying in a
___________-_____________ direction for many
years, the Earth could magnetize the bar.
• The same thing may happen to newly formed rocks on the
__________________ floor.
• When molten material hardens into the rock of the ocean
floor, the direction of the Earth’s magnetic field at that time
is ________________________ recorded.
The Magnetosphere
• Earth’s magnetic field affects the ______________________
of electrically charged particles in space and visa versa.
• ______________________– two doughnut-shaped regions
1,000–25,000 kilometers above Earth that contain electrons
and protons traveling at high speed.
• ____________________– streams of electrically charged
particles flowing at high speeds from the sun
• ____________________– region of Earth’s magnetic field
shaped by the solar wind.
• The solar wind causes Earth’s magnetic field to
_______________________ on the side of Earth not facing
the sun.
• Recall from the space chapters….
• __________________– glowing region produced by the
interaction of charged particles from the sun and atoms in the
atmosphere.
• In the Northern Hemisphere, an aurora is called the
Northern Lights, or _________________________.
• In the Southern Hemisphere, it is called the Southern
Lights, or _________________________.