Download Chapter 16 – The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

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Chapter 16 – The Molecular Basis of Inheritance
DNA Structure
1.
2.
3.
Label the diagram of DNA’s structure
Color code the diagram:
Purines =
Pyrimidines =
Phosphates =
Deoxyribose =
Hydrogen bonds =
Label the 5’ and 3’ ends
How can one identify 3’ vs. 5’?
Why is this arrangement important
to the overall structure of DNA?
DNA is read
DNA is built
to
to
4.
What are Chargaff’s Rules?
5.
Typical Structure question . . .
If 20% of the DNA in a guinea pig cell is adenine, what percentage is cytosine? Explain your answer.
6.
In the picture to the right, using 2 different colors – one for light
14
15
( N) and heavy ( N) strands of DNA - sketch the results of the
replication cycles of heavy DNA when E. coli are moved to a light
medium for two generations. Show the resulting density bands that
would appear in the centrifuge tubes.
a. The result should indicate that DNA replication is?
b. What early experimental evidence supported this idea?
c. Who presented these findings?
Period
DNA Replication
Our analysis will focus on the DNA replication process in bacteria, however it is similar in eukaryotic cells, just a little more
involved. For example Human replication utilizes 11 different DNA Polymerases vs. 2 in E. coli, higher number of replication
bubbles, longer time – you get the idea.
In the diagram below, label the following: leading and lagging strands, Okazaki fragments, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase,
helicase, primase, single-stranded binding protein (SSBP), RNA primer, replication fork, 5’ end, 3’ end.
1.
Color code the following enzymes and provide their function in relations to DNA replication
Enzyme
Helicase
Function
Leading Strand
Primase
DNA Polymerase III
DNA Polymerase I
DNA Ligase
2.
Explain the following as they relate to DNA Replication
a. Replication bubbles
b. Telomeres
c. Telomerase
d. Okazaki fragments
Lagging Strand
Chapter 17 – From Gene to Protein
DNA→pre-mRNA→mRNA processing→translation (initiation, elongation, termination)
Translation Up Close
In the diagram below:
A. Name the stages 1-4
B. Identify the components (a-l)
C. Provide a brief description of what is happening in each stage.
D. Color Code the Aminoacyl-tRNA, peptidyl-tRNA and exit sites.
Say it with DNA
Use the handout and follow the directions to decode the DNA messages below.
1.
Complete the partially solved message example
DNA code
mRNA
tRNA
Description of Stages
1.
Amino acid
Letter Symbol
2.
2.
We have discussed that mRNA provides the code that determines the amino acid tRNA
carries to the ribosome – is this simulation still following that rule? Explain.
3.
Choose 2 different messages to decode from the DNA messages.
Message #
DNA code
mRNA
3.
tRNA
Amino acid
Letter Symbol
Message #
DNA code
4.
mRNA
tRNA
Amino acid
Letter Symbol
4.
Design your own DNA message. Exchange it with a friend to see if they can decipher it.
Then enter your message into the DNA message contest – Categories will include:
Most creative, Make you Laugh, Bio related and Best Advice
Winning messages will get a Bonus point on the test!