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UNIT 2: Mental & Emotional Health MENTAL DISORDERS What are Mental Disorders? • Mental disorder- an illness in the mind that can • • • effect thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person, preventing him or her from leading a happy, healthful, and productive life. 54 million people are affected by some form of mental disorder. Only one-third of those receive the help they need. Why would someone not receive help? Two Classifications of Mental Disorders: • Organic Disorders- caused by a physical illness or an injury that affects the brain. – Brain tumors, infections, chemical imbalances, exposure to drugs and toxins, or injuries resulting in brain damage. • Functional Disorders- have a psychological cause and do not involve brain damage. – May result from heredity, stress, emotional conflict, fear, ineffective coping skills. – Often are tied to disturbing events in childhood, such as abuse, serious illness, or traumatic death of a close relative. – Also tied to recent events such as divorce, economic hardships, or natural disasters. TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS: (There are over 200 types!) ANXIETY DISORDERS: • A condition in which real or imagined fears are difficult to control. • Characterized by chronic fear. • People arrange their lives to avoid situations that make them feel anxious or fearful. Four Classifications of Anxiety Disorders: • PHOBIAS: – A strong and irrational fear of something specific. – People with phobias avoid the object at all costs. – May make them a prisoner of their own home. – Examples Four Classifications of Anxiety Disorders: • OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER – Being trapped in a pattern of repeated thoughts or behaviors. – Obsessive refers to persistent, recurrent, and unwanted thoughts that prevent people from attending to normal daily activities. – Compulsive refers to repeated, irresistible behaviors. – Example Four Classifications of Anxiety Disorders: • PANIC DISORDERS: – Suffer from sudden, unexplained feelings of terror. – “Panic attacks” are accompanied by symptoms such as trembling, a pounding heart, shortness of breath, or dizziness. – Attacks may occur at any time or place, but most are triggered by a particular object, condition, or situation. Four Classifications of Anxiety Disorders: • POST-TRAMATIC STRESS DISORDER: – A condition that may develop after exposure to a terrifying event that threatened or caused physical harm. – Common after personal assault, rape, disasters, plane crashes, or military combat. – Symptoms are flashbacks, nightmares, emotional numbness, sleeplessness, guilt, and problems with concentration. – The disorder may arise weeks or months after the event that caused it. TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS: (Continued) MOOD DISORDERS: • An illness often with an organic cause, that involves mood extremes that interfere with everyday living. • The emotional swings of mood disorders are extreme in both intensity and duration. (not your normal ups and downs) 2 Types of Mood Disorders: • Clinical Depression: – Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or despair last for more than a few weeks and interfere with daily interests and activities. – Can affect concentration, sleep, performance at school or work, or handle everyday decisions and challenges. – Clinical depression results from a chemical imbalance that a person cannot overcome without professional help. – Depression often runs in families and can be biologically based. • Bipolar Disorder: – AKA manic-depressive disorder, causes extreme mood changes, energy levels, and behavior. – Manic “highs” and depressive “lows” TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS: (Continued) CONDUCT DISORDERS: • A pattern of behavior in which the rights of others or basic social rules are violated. • Lying, theft, aggression, violence, truancy, arson, and vandalism. • More common amongst males than females. • Although they may act “tough” usually they have low self-esteem. • May also have symptoms of other mental disorders including anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. • With out treatment they may be unable to do the demands of adulthood and continue to have problems relating to others, holding a job, and behaving in appropriate ways. TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS: (Continued) SCHIZPHRENIA: • A severe mental disorder in which a person loses contact with reality. • Symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorders. • Caused by a combination of genetic factors and chemical and structure changes in the brain. • Sufferers have difficulty understanding between real and imaginary events. • A common misconception is that they have split personalities or are a danger to themselves or others. TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS: (Continued) PERSONALITY DISORDER: • People with personality disorders think and behave in ways that make it difficult for them to get along with others. • Usually in constant conflict with othersfamily, friends, teachers, coworkers, or supervisors. 3 Types of Personality Disorders: • Antisocial Personality Disorder: – Tend to be irritable, aggressive, impulsive, and violent. – Many times they are unable to show remorse for their behavior. • Borderline Personality Disorder: – Frequently experience a series of troubled relationships. – Tend to engage in high-risk activities and have poor self esteem. – Fear abandonment but often lash out violently at those they need the most. • Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder: – – – – Often uncooperative. Resent being told what to do, yet rely on others’ direction. Angry over issues of control, they show their anger indirectly. For example: If they do not want to take part in an activity they may forget to show up or may arrive late and leave early.