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Module 9 & 10 How can smelling aftershave cause anxiety? Classical Conditioning Learning a relatively enduring or permanent change in behavior that results from previous experience with certain stimuli and response Behavior Any observable responses (fainting, salivating, vomiting). Classical conditioning Classical conditioning a kind of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to produce a response that was originally produced by different stimulus Ivan Pavlov -conducted experiments with dogs Everyday Garden Variety Classical Conditioning Everyday Garden Variety Classical Conditioning PROCEDURE: CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Step 1: Choosing stimulus and response Neutral stimulus (is a stimulus that causes a sensory response) Unconditioned stimulus (is a stimulus that triggers a physiological response) Unconditioned response (unlearned, innate, reflex/response) Example p.198 Step 2: Establishing classical conditioning Step 3: Testing for conditioning: Conditioned stimulus (formerly neutral stimulus paired with unconditioned stimuli) Conditioned response (condition stimulus similar to unconditioned response) Generalization, Discrimination, Extinction, Spontaneous recovery In-class Small Group Discussion Learned food aversion Use page 198 Describe a food aversion you experienced. Discuss how this was classically conditioned. Child or Adolescent Emotional Experience Think of a past emotional experience that was conditioned to a neutral stimulus. Discuss how this was classically conditioned Fear or Phobia Describe a fear or phobia and how it was classically conditioned. Systematic Desensitization Step 1: Learning to relax Step 2: Making an Anxiety hierarchy Step 3: Imaging and relaxing Operant & Cognitive Approaches Operant conditioning- is a kind of learning that associates a behavior with consequences (reward or punishment). Cognitive learning- involves mental processes such as attention and memory where learning occurs through observation or imitation. Operant and Cognitive Learning Modules 10 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teLoNYvOf90 Small Group Discussion: Social Media O What role does classical and operant conditioning play in social media? Operant and Cognitive Learning Modules 10 Search and Share Groups 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How does positive punishment differ from negative reinforcement? (p.218219) How would you use operant conditioning to change a rude friend into a more likable and friendly person? (P. 218-219) Create examples of Skinner’s four partial reinforcement schedules. (p. 221) Explain cognitive learning. (p. 223-226) What is behaviour modification? (p. 232) SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT Fixed ratio – air miles, strawberry/blueberry picking, mowing lawns for cash, mail delivery, workouts (maintenance),etc. Variable ratio - slot machine, using drugs to escape withdrawal symptoms, lottery tickets, house cleaning, etc. Fixed interval - Paycheck every Thursday, checking the time during class, checking food (timed), Variable interval - Storm chasers, texts, emails, speed traps, fishing, etc.