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Mental and emotional health Mr. Le’s Health Class Objectives • Identify factors that influence your self-concept • Develop skills to build your self esteem • Identify emotions and appropriate coping skills • Identify stress • Skills to manage stress in your life • Identify stages in the grief reaction • Identify mental disorders • Recognizing and combating against violence and abuse Who are you • Self-esteem – the way you feel about yourself and how you value yourself. • Resilience – the ability to bounce back from disappointment. • Self Concept – the view you have of yourself. • Personality – the unique combination of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors that make you different from everyone else. Expressing emotions • Anxiety – is a state of uneasiness, usually associated with a future uncertainty. • Fear can be negative or positive • Mixed emotions – opposite or different feelings that occur at once • Emotional needs – needs that affect your feelings and sense of wellbeing. What •isStress Stress? is natural and everyone experiences it. • Stress – the reaction of the body and mind to everyday challenges and demands. • Perception – the act of becoming aware through the senses. What Causes Stress? • Stressor – anything that causes stress Five General Categories Biological Stressors Environmental Stressors Cognitive or Thinking Stressors Personal Behavior Stressors Life Situation Stressors The Body’s Response to Stress • Nervous System and Endocrine System are the two systems that are active during the stress response. • Response is autonomic /involuntary. • Three stage response • 3 Types: positive/negative/eustress 3 Phases of Stress • Alarm Phase- High alert • Resistance Phase- Body reacts • Fatigue Phase- Post response • Physical • Psychological • Pathological Stress and Your Health • Health Pyramid Effects: high blood pressure, anxious, relationships, unable to perform duties • Physical- tired muscles • Psychological- mental/emotional, • Pathological – immune system • Personal causes of stress = life events • Daily Hassles = time, responsibilities, conflicts • Physical Stressors injury, abuse Think, Pair, Share •Evaluate the different stressors in your life. • What is an example of good stressor you have and a bad stressor in your life? •What do you do to manage your bad stressors and who could you go to for help? Control stress before it is too late • Chronic Stress – stress associated with long term problems that are beyond a persons control. • Strategies for controlling the effects of stress: • • • • Engage in a physical activity Look for support Relaxing hobby Avoid using tobacco, alcohol Stress Management Techniques • Stress-Management Skills – skills that help an individual handle stress in a healthful, effective way. • Relaxation Response – a state of calm that can be reached if one or more relaxation techniques are practiced regularly. What are Mental disorders? • Mental Disorder: an illness of the mind that can affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person, preventing him/her from leading a happy, healthful, and productive life. • Stigma: a negative label or a mark of shame. • Mental illnesses require medical attention just as any other medical condition. Mental disorders in the U.S. • 1/3 of individuals in the U.S.A. will have at least one psychiatric disorder during their lifetime • 20% of adults will suffer from one or more psychiatric disorder during a 6 month period • *anxiety/depression Two Types of Depression • Depression – prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness and sadness. • Major Depression • A medical condition • Severe and lasts longer • Can develop from reactive depression or is a chemical imbalance in the brain • Reactive Depression • Response to a stressful event • Eventually goes away as a person finds a way to cope with the response to the event. • Protective Factors – conditions that shield individuals from the negative consequences of exposure to risk. Anxiety Disorders • Anxiety Disorder: condition in which real or imagined fears are difficult to control. • Can be classified into four main types. • • • • Phobias Obsessive Compulsive Disorders Panic disorders Post-traumatic stress disorders Phobia • A phobia is a strong and irrational fear of something specific Obsessive-compulsive disorder • A person with this disorder is trapped in a pattern of repeated thoughts or behaviors. Panic Disorder • A person with this disorder has a sudden, unexplained feelings of terror. • Symptoms • • • • Trembling Pounding Heart Shortness of Breath Dizziness Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder • A condition that may develop after exposure to a terrifying event that threatened or caused physical harm. • Symptoms include…… • • • • • • Flashbacks Nightmares Emotional numbness Sleeplessness Guilt Problems with concentration Mood Disorders • Mood Disorder – an illness, often with an organic cause, that involves mood extremes that interfere with everyday living. Bipolar Disorder • Also known as : Manic – depressive disorder • Characterized by the following traits • Extreme mood changes • Extreme energy levels • Extreme behaviors Eating Disorders • Psychological pressures, possible genetic factors, and obsessions with body image and thinness can lead to an eating disorder. • Bulimia Nervosa • Binge Eating Disorder • Anorexia Nervosa Conduct Disorders • Conduct Disorder – a pattern of behavior in which the rights of others or basic social rules are violated. Schizophrenia • Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder in which a person loses contact with reality. • Symptoms include: • • • • • Delusions Hallucinations Thought Disorders Difficulty Understanding Reality Unpredictable Behavior Personality Disorders • Alienation – feeling isolated and separated from everyone else. • Suicide – the act of intentionally taking one’s own life. • Antisocial Personality Disorder • Borderline Personality Disorder • Passive-aggressive personality disorder Helping Others • When you are with someone who appears to be suicidal, show you care by the following steps….. • Initiate a meaningful conversation • Show support and ask questions • Try to persuade the person to seek help • Therapy: • • • • • Psychotherapy Behavior Cognitive Group Biomedical Expressions of Grief • Grief – the sorrow caused by loss of a loved one • Grief Reaction – the process of dealing with strong feelings following any loss. • Coping – dealing successfully with difficult changes in your life. 1. Denial/Numbness 2. Anger/Emotional Release 3. Bargaining 4. Depression/Remorse 5. Acceptance/Hope Your protective factors • These protective factors decrease the likelihood of violence and harm to self or others. • Factors: • Individual • Family • Community • Peer/School What are schools doing? • Peer Mediation – a process in which trained students help other students find fair ways to resolve conflict and settle their differences. • Schools have procedures and policies to ensure the safety of students Think, Pair, Share •Evaluate the different cause of violence or detrimental acts in your society. • What are some current detrimental issues in our society/community today? •What action can be taken to help resolve or relieve these areas of concern? violence • Assailant – a person who commits a violent act against another. • Weapon Availability • Some common causes of violence and deliberate injury include the following… • Need to control others • Way of expressing anger • Prejudice – an unfair opinion or judgment of a particular group of people. • Retaliation Bullying and Hazing • Bullying – the act of seeking power or attention through the psychological, emotional, cyber, verbal or physical abuse of another person. • Sexual Harassment – uninvited and unwelcome sexual conduct directed at another person. • Hazing – including someone through an initiation process that can be abusive. • Gang – a group of people who associate with one another to take part in criminal activity. • Building a safe community involves everybody to play their part Assault and Homicide • Assault – an unlawful attack on a person with the intent to harm or kill. • Abuse - the physical, mental/emotional, or sexual mistreatment of one person by • Homicide – the willful killing of one human being by another. • Domestic Violence- a pattern of behavior used to establish power and control over another person through fear and intimidation, often including the threat or use of violence Protection • Body Language • Self-Defense • Violence – is the threatened or actual use of physical force or power to harm another person or to damage property. • The three C’S- Communicate, Collaborate, Commitment • Be Assertive • Protect Others