Download Cells PPT - Net Start Class

Cells
Part 1: Characteristics of Living Things
Introduction
Living or Non-living?
How do you know?
What characteristics
does it have that
makes you think
that way?
Living?
What makes something living?
All living things have things in common.
For something to be
considered living, it
must have each of these
four characteristics.
Characteristic 1
Living things grow.
Living things consume materials
used to build new structures
or to replace damaged parts.
Characteristic 2
Living things reproduce.
Most living things make
copies similar to themselves.
One-celled organisms make
exact copies of themselves
by binary fission.
Characteristic 3
Living things respond
to their environment.
Living things respond to light,
temperature, food, etc.
The ability to change makes
living things able to survive.
Characteristic 4
Living things are organized.
The cell is the basic unit of
organization in living things.
One-celled organisms
contain all the structures
needed to survive.
Any Questions?
Cells
Part 2: Cell Organelles
Cell Theory
The Cell Theory explains the importance of cells.
The Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the smallest thing that
carry out all the functions of life.
All cells come from` pre-existing cells.
Cell Size
Types of Cells
There are 2 major types of cells.
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Cell Organelles
Organelle means “little organ”.
Organelles are tiny structures inside
cells that carry out specific duties.
Each of your organs
performs a certain job for
your body, and each
organelle performs a
certain job for the cell!
Animal Cell
Cell Membrane
The outer layer of the cell.
The cell membrane
forms a thin,
protective covering
around the cell.
It also controls
what comes in and
goes out of the cell.
Cytoplasm
The liquid inside the cell.
The liquid inside cells
which contains the
organelles and all
other cell materials
It is mainly water, but
contains food, proteins
and other chemicals.
Nucleus
The brain of the cell!
It holds information
that a cell needs
to function and
to reproduce.
The information is in
the form of DNA: the
blueprint for all cells.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The roadways inside a cell!
The “ER” is a series
of passageways used
to transport things
inside the cell.
It is similar to the
network of pipes
inside your home!
Golgi Apparatus
The post office of the cell!
The Golgi takes
materials from the ER
and packages it to be
sent around the cell.
The Golgi body creates
vacuoles and puts
materials inside them.
Vacuoles
The storage cupboards of the cell.
Vacuoles are empty
sacs that contain
water, food, wastes
and other materials.
Vacuoles store things
until they are needed or
are removed.
Lysosomes
The trash compactors of the cell.
Lysosomes contain
chemicals called
enzymes that break
down wastes.
Lysosomes are used
to get rid of wastes
made by the cell.
Mitochondria
The powerhouse of the cell.
Mitochondria break
down sugar using
oxygen to produce
energy for the cell.
The more active a
cell is, the more
mitochondria it has.
Ribosomes
The builders of the cell!
Ribosomes are tiny
structures that
produce new
proteins for the cell.
Ribosomes are found
on the ER and within
the cytoplasm.
Plant Cell
Cell Wall
The protective wall around the cell.
The cell wall is a tough
coating found just
outside the cell
membrane.
The cell wall
supports the cell
and makes it rigid.
Central Vacuole
A large vacuole inside the cell.
The central vacuole
holds mainly water and
is used to help keep
the cell rigid.
The vacuole is like an
over-filled water
balloon - it is hard!
Chloroplasts
The food factory inside the cell.
Chloroplasts use
energy from the sun
to make sugar for
the mitochondria.
Chloroplasts contain
a green chemical called
chlorophyll.
Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
No cell wall
Has a cell wall
No chloroplasts
Many chloroplasts
Small vacuoles
One central vacuole
Flexible shape
Strong and rigid
Any Questions?
Cells
Part 3: Specialized Cells
Introduction
Plants and animals have many cells.
In larger organisms, cells are often
very different looking from each other.
This is because some
cells are specially
designed to perform
a specific job.
Introduction
Plants and animals have many cells.
In larger organisms, cells are often
very different looking from each other.
This is similar to a toolbox:
each tool is specially shaped
to do a specific function.
This cells are called
specialized cells.
Red Blood Cells
Main Function:
To transport oxygen
around the body to
all of our cells.
Structure:
• A flexible shape
• No nucleus
Animals
White Blood Cells
Animals
Main Function:
To protect the body
from invaders.
(bacteria, viruses)
Structure:
• Different types
• Some can grab!
Muscle Cells
Main Function:
To move the body
by contracting
and relaxing.
Structure:
• Long, thin, & strong
• Lots of mitochondria
Animals
Nerve Cells
Animals
Main Function:
To carry messages
around the body.
Structure:
• Long and thin with
many branches to
connect to others!
Skin Cells
Main Function:
To form a tough
outer layer around
the body.
Structure:
• Thin and strong
• Overlap each other
Animals
Lung Cells
Animals
Main Function:
Filter out dust and
bad chemicals
from our lungs.
Structure:
• Have sticky cilia to
trap small particles
Eye Cells
Main Function:
To detect color
and to detect
light and dark
Structure:
• Cones see colors
(R, G, B) and rods
detect brightness
Animals
Egg Cells
Animals
Main Function:
To grow and
develop into a
larger organism.
Structure:
• A huge cell!
• Lots of food stores
Leaf Cells
Main Function:
To absorb sunlight
to make food for
the plant.
Structure:
• At top of the leaf
• Lots of chloroplasts
Plants
Guard Cells
Plants
Main Function:
To open and close
holes at the bottom
of leaves.
Structure:
• Sausage shaped
• Can shrink & swell
Pollen Cells
Main Function:
To pollinate another
flower far away.
Structure:
• Light and sticky
• Carried easily
Plants
Unicellular Organisms
Unicellular organisms are made of only 1 cell.
These organisms still perform all of the
necessary life functions, including:
Eating food
Making energy
Removing waste
Moving around
Growing
Reproducing
Bacteria
Description:
Unicellular creatures
that lives everywhere
on our planet!
Features:
• 3 shapes: rod,
sphere & spiral
• No nucleus
Unicellular
Paramecium
Unicellular
Description:
A fast moving
unicellular organism
found in pond water.
Features:
• Tiny hairs called
cilia that it uses to
move around
Amoeba
Description:
A unicellular creature
that lives in ponds,
streams and rivers.
Features:
• Has flexible arms
called pseudopods
to grab its food
Unicellular
Euglena
Unicellular
Description:
A unicellular
organism found
in pond water.
Features:
• An animal that
has chloroplasts!
• Has a flagellum
Volvox
Description:
A unicellular plant
that lives in lakes
and oceans.
Features:
• Has chloroplasts
• Combine together
to form colonies
Unicellular
Any Questions?