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Muscular System
• The Muscular System:
1. Allows us to move our bodies
2. Keeps our bodies warm
3. Protects our joints
What does the muscular
system do?
• Muscles are made of muscle fibers.
• Muscle fibers are made up of long, paired strands of
proteins.
What are muscles made
of?
• There are two groups of muscles:
1. Voluntary-Muscles we can control that are connected to
bones and allow us to move.
1. Involuntary-Muscles we cannot control like the muscles
that make our heart beat.
Muscular System
•Three types of muscles:
1. Skeletal-voluntary muscle that attaches to bones
2. Smooth-involuntary muscle that are found inside the organs
3. Cardiac-involuntary muscle that the heart is made of.
Types of muscles
• Even when your muscle is not contracting enough to
cause movement, a few of its individual fibers are still
contracting.
• This doesn’t cause movement but it does tense and firm
the muscle.
• This slight tension is called muscle tone.
• Example: your neck contracts just enough to keep your
head up even when you are not moving your head.
• Muscle tone keeps your muscles healthy and ready for
action.
Muscle Tone
• Muscles that cannot contract due to injury, or muscles
that are not used often, will weaken and shrink
• This is a condition known as atrophy
Atrophy
• Skeletal muscles work together to move the body.
(contraction vs. extension)
• The brain sends a signal to the muscles to either contract
or relax.
• Example: The biceps contract as the triceps extend to
bend the arm.
Muscles working together
• When you lift something heavy, the muscle fibers
contract.
• Repeated strong contractions cause the muscle fibers and
the muscle itself to grow in diameter and strength.
• Moderate contractions won’t increase the diameter much
but it will increase the endurance by allowing it to obtain
more oxygen.
What causes muscles to get
bigger when you exercise?
• Muscles need oxygen in order to produce energy for
contraction
• When muscles work really hard they use up all the oxygen at
hand and less energy is available for contractions.
• In order for muscles to keep working without oxygen there is a
process that makes the chemical, lactic acid which provides
small amounts of energy.
• Lactic acid is poisonous to cells though. So the body needs
time and rest to get more oxygen and erase the oxygen debt.
Muscles get tired…
• Work your muscles!
• Avoid muscle injuries – regular strengthening and
stretching exercises can help prevent injuries.
• Vary your exercise routine so that your are not always
using the same muscles
• Warm up before vigorous exercise and include a cool
down
• Stop exercising if you feel sharp or sudden pain
• Prevent muscle cramps – stretch and drink plenty of
water
Keeping your muscles
healthy
A few main muscles…
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMcg9YzNSEs
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6u0u_59UDc
More Muscle Info…