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Muscular System Study Guide DHO 6.5 and Human Body fig 7.6, table 7.1 p203 Properties of muscles Excitability Contractibility Extensibility Elasticity Types of muscles Cardiac o Involuntary, striated o Forms the walls of the heart o Contracts in order to circulate blood Smooth o Involuntary, not striated o Also called visceral muscle (viscera are internal organs) o Found in hollow internal organs, such as organs of the digestive and respiratory systems, also found in the urinary and reproductive system organs, also found in blood vessels o Contracts in order to cause movement in organs, and to move substances through the body or out of the body Skeletal o Voluntary, striated o Attached to bones o Causes body movement Functions of skeletal muscles . . . . Other structures in the muscular system Tendons: strong tough connective tissue cords that attach muscles to bones Fascia: tough sheet-like membrane that covers and protects tissue Origin: the end of a muscle that is attached to bone that does not move Insertion: the end of a muscle that is attached to bone that moves when a muscle contracts Movements Adduction Abduction Flexion Extension Rotation Circumduction Important terms Muscle tone: the state of partial contraction normally present in muscles at all times. Muscle tone helps maintain body posture, and keeps the muscles in a state of readiness to act. Atrophy: the shrinking in size and loss of strength that occurs when muscles are not used for a long period of time Contracture: a severe tightening of a flexor muscle resulting in a bending of a joint. Muscle disuse and atrophy can result in contractures. Muscle Diseases Fibromyalgia Muscular dystrophy Myasthenia gravis Muscle spasm Muscle strain Know the location and function of the following muscles (there will be a word bank) Temporalis Masseter Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Deltoid Biceps brachii Triceps brachii Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi External oblique Rectus abdominus Intercostals: move the ribs for breathing Iliopsoas: attached to vertebrae, ilium, femur; flexes the thigh or trunk Sartorius Gluteus maximus Adductor group Hamstring group Quadriceps group Tibialis anterior Gastrocnemius