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DUANE SYNDROME Normal Eye Movement 6 muscles control movement of the eye Muscle attached to outside wall of the eye In each eye 2 muscles move eye horizontally Lateral rectus muscle pulls eye out toward the ear; medial rectus muscle pulls eye in toward nose Four muscles move eye up or down at an angle Each eye muscle receives the command for movement from cranial nerves that exit the brain What is Duane Syndrome? A rare, congenital disorder of eye movement DS is usually diagnosed by age of 10 years No racial preference is reported Female to male ratio is 3:2 DS is a miswiring of the eye muscle that cause some eye muscles to contract when they should not, and others to contract when they should. Limited or absent ability to move eye outward toward ear, and in most cases inward toward the nose Probably occurs around the sixth week of pregnancy, due to poor development of tiny parts of the brainstem that controls the eye muscles Problem is not primarily with the eye muscle, but with the nerve that transmits the electrical impulses to the muscle 80% of cases of DS, only 1 eye is affected, the left eye. In some cases both eyes are affected, with 1 eye affected more than the other DUANE SYNDROME Cause of Duane Syndrome Both genetic factors and environmental factors play a role Most cases are sporadic, approximately 2-5% patients have a familiar pattern Dominant forms and recessive forms have been documented Some families with the dominant form of DS skips a generation and ranges in severity difference References 1. http://www.duanes.org 2. http://www.medterms.com 3. http://childrenshospital.org/cfapps /research/data_admin/Site339/mai npageS339P18sublevel15.html 4. http://www.webmd.com/eyehealth/duane-syndrome 5. http://www.strabismus.org Carol Amburn/ Region 5 Treatment DS is cannot be cured due to the cranial nerve being damage Surgery can reduce the effects of unwanted or needed contraction of the medial and lateral rectus muscles. Surgery is intended to place head in a central position and correct adoption of an abnormal head posture