Download MCDB 1041 Quiz 1 Review Sheet An excellent way to review is to

MCDB 1041 Quiz 1 Review Sheet
An excellent way to review is to go back over clicker questions, homework and activities--those are the kinds of
questions I'll be asking. In general, I am less interested in memorization, and more interested in
application. That said, in order to understand genetics, there are certain things you just have to know—
definitions of terms, chromosomal numbers, rules of inheritance, how to calculate probabilities, etc. I won’t ask
for definitions, and I won’t ask you to regurgitate other facts. I will require that you understand the concepts and
definitions so that you can apply them to answering questions. See the end of the sheet for a list of terms you
should know.
The format of the exam will be as follows:
Multiple choice (15 questions)
5-7 short answer questions, like diagramming meiosis, calculating probabilities, or interpreting a pedigree.
Review Sheet
1. Describe the general makeup of a cell, and the process of mitosis
a. Know human chromosome structure and number in humans (22 non-identical pairs of autosomes + either XX
or XY = 46).
b. Be able to describe Mitosis—how it works, what the result is, why cells do it.
c. Know the function of the plasma membrane, the organelles and the nucleus, and why they are important for
cellular function.
2. Describe the mechanisms by which an organism’s genome is passed on to the next generation.
a) Be able to distinguish between somatic and germ cells (gametes).
b) Describe, using diagrams, the sequence of events involving DNA in meiosis from chromosome duplication
through chromosome segregation—in particular, be able to describe or draw how meiosis I and II are different.
c) Explain how independent assortment of alleles during meiosis can lead to new combinations of alleles of
genes on different chromosomes.
e) Be able to distinguish between a sister chromosome and a homologous pair of chromosomes, and know how
chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate before the cell divides into two.
3. Use genetic crosses to calculate the probability of inheritance of particular alleles and to predict
phenotypes of offspring: Mendelian Genetics
a) Predict genotypic frequencies of children given the genotypes of the parental gametes.
b) Identify an allele’s mode of inheritance from the phenotypes of the offspring.
c) Be able to draw a Punnet Square and use it for visualizing possible offspring from a cross between two
individuals, as well as calculating the probability of producing a gamete or an offspring of a certain genotype.
d) Know what you do when there are multiple possible outcomes in a Punnett square that match the outcome
you’re looking for.
e) Be able to explain how Mendel's Laws --the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment—
relate to the calculation of probability in inheritance.
4. Be able to analyze phenotypic data and deduce patterns of from family histories.
a) Draw a pedigree based on information in a story problem.
b) Distinguish between dominant, recessive, autosomal, X-linked, and mitochondrial modes of inheritance.
c) Calculate the probability that an individual in a pedigree has a particular genotype.
d) Be able to figure out which people should be carriers if they are not marked, if given information about the
mode of inheritance.
MUST-KNOW TERMS:
Allele
Gene
Genotype
Phenotype
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Dominant
Recessive
Sister chromosomes / Replicated chromosome
Homologous chromosomes
Gamete
Carriers
Metaphase plate
Autosome