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5 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor? A. B. C. D. 2. Natural selection is the process that determines A. B. C. D. 3. multi-genetics. polyploidy. diploid. haploid. Extinction of organisms is A. B. C. D. 7. developing the concept of sexual dimorphism. developing the concept of natural selection. developing the concept of genetic concept. All of these are correct. Among plants, a condition that results in the number of sets of chromosomes in cells to increase, is called A. B. C. D. 6. social Darwinism. biogeochemical cycles. organic farming. evolution. Charles Darwin is generally credited with A. B. C. D. 5. who an individual mates with. which scientist publishes their experiments. which individuals within a species will reproduce and pass their genes to the next generation. how active an animal is at night. The development of herbicide resistance in populations of weeds over several generations is an example of A. B. C. D. 4. the number of individuals of a particular species living in a community the interactions between different species in a community the diversity of prey and predator species in a community the climate of the community in which the species mentioned above inhabit very unusual. uncommon. not occurring today. a common event. Ecologists distinguish two different kinds of competition. One is A. B. C. D. intraspecific. interspecific. ultraspecific. Both intraspecific and interspecific are correct. 8. This concept states that no two species can occupy the same ecological niche in the same place and the same time. A. B. C. D. 9. Natural Selection Genetic Drift Competitive Exclusion Principle Niche Exclusion Two organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring are said to be individuals of the same A. B. C. D. community. niche. habitat. species. 10. When a population becomes isolated from another over a long period of time A. B. C. D. gene exchange is likely to occur. speciation will not occur. speciation is likely to occur. extinction is likely to occur. 11. Ecologists have traditionally categorized the roles of organisms in ecosystems into three broad categories that include A. B. C. D. producers. consumers. decomposers. All of these are correct. 12. The use of fertilizers in agriculture has significantly altered several nutrient cycles including A. B. C. D. nitrogen. phosphorus. potassium. All of these are correct. 13. The chief limiting factor to the success of most trout species is A. B. C. D. the ability to reproduce. the dissolved oxygen content in water. the amount of plant biomass. All of these are correct. 14. What is the term used to describe food chains which overlap and intersect? A. B. C. D. food web detrital food chain natural selection range of tolerance 15. The small amount of dissolved oxygen found in warm water is considered a _______ to the success of many fish species. A. B. C. D. biotic factor limiting factor niche None of these are correct. 16. Grazing animals and the grasses they eat have both evolved in response to each other's influence. This process is known as A. B. C. D. coevolution. extinction. competitive exclusion principle. interspecific competition. 17. Which of the following organisms is a primary producer? A. B. C. D. fungi grasshoppers grass bacteria 18. Which of the following organisms is a secondary consumer? A. B. C. D. wolf elk mouse bacteria 19. Which of the following is NOT a decomposer? A. B. C. D. fungi bacteria moss None of these are correct. 20. In a mutualistic relationship A. B. C. D. one organism benefits while the other is unaffected. both species benefit. one species benefits while the other is harmed. endoparasites outnumber ectoparasites. 21. Each step in the flow of energy through an ecosystem is known as a A. B. C. D. food chain. trophic level. plateau of consumption. food web. 22. The relationship between frogs and insects is an example of A. B. C. D. intraspecific competition. coevolution. a predator-prey relationship. competitive exclusion. 23. Biting insects that transmit parasites are known as A. B. C. D. vectors. endoparasites. keystone species. None of these are correct. 24. Tapeworms living inside the intestines of their host are an example of what type of relationship? A. B. C. D. symbiosis commensalisms ectoparasitism endoparasitism 25. Which of the following elements is a limiting factor to plants in naturally occurring soil? A. B. C. D. nitrogen phosphorous oxygen carbon 26. What kind of plant has nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in their roots? A. B. C. D. deciduous trees mosses legumes ferns 27. Phosphorous is released from rocks by which process? A. B. C. D. bacterial decomposition weathering and erosion photosynthesis All of these are correct. 28. Carbon enters the carbon cycle in the form of A. B. C. D. lipids formed in photosynthesis. carbonate in rock. atmospheric carbon dioxide. decomposition of organic material. 29. Which of the following is an example of a keystone species? A. B. C. D. bison sea kelp wolves None of these are correct. 30. Which of the following is an example of a detrital food chain? A. B. C. D. a coniferous forest sewage treatment plan open lake salt marsh 31. Polyploidy is an evolutionary mechanism that may result in A. B. C. D. new plant species. a surge in birth rates in mammals. the baldness trait becoming dominant in men. death if recessive. 32. Another name for nutrient cycles in ecosystems is A. B. C. D. biogeochemical cycle. menstrual cycle. hydrogen cycle. diurnal cycle. 33. This meat eater often gets meat from animals that have died by accident or illness, or were killed by other animals. A. B. C. D. scavenger omnivore carnivore parasite 34. The introduction of which organism is correlated with a major disruption to the food web of the Great Lakes? A. B. C. D. diatoms whitefish zebra mussels Diporeia. Which of the following best matches the description? 35. Series of stages in the flow of nitrogen in ecosystems. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition 36. Stage in the flow of energy in an ecosystem. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition 37. Animal that eats plants. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition 38. An organism that can manufacture its own food from inorganic substances. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition 39. A region in which an organism lives. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition 40. The flow of carbon from the atmosphere to living organisms and back again. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition 41. Bacteria that convert nitrogen compounds in the soil into nitrogen gas. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition 42. Competition between members of different species. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition 43. An organism that eats both plants and animals. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition 44. Competition between members of the same species. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition 45. Interacting groups of different species in a given area. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition 46. Accumulation of organic material produced by living things. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition 47. Bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into usable plant forms. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition 48. Parasite that lives on the outside of its host. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition 49. One primary environmental condition that determines the success of an organism. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition 50. Phosphate mining on the island of Nauru has contributed to a sequence of changes in the island ecosystem that ultimately reduced the life expectancy of islanders. True False 51. Genetic variation among individuals of the same species enables some of these individuals to have a greater chance of obtaining resources and therefore, producing more offspring. True False 52. Genes are distinct pieces of DNA that determine the characteristics an individual displays. True False 53. Everything that affects an organism during its lifetime is known as ecology. True False 54. The carbon cycle is an example of how materials are cycled through ecosystems. True False 55. The biotic component of an organism's environment is the non-living or physical factors. True False 56. Competition between foxes and hawks for the use of mice and rabbits as food is called intraspecific competition. True False 57. About 20 percent of the energy passing from one trophic level to the next is lost. True False 58. Symbiotic relationships are those in which organisms live in physical contact with one another. True False 59. Commensal organisms live on another organism and harm the host in the process. True False 60. The niche of an organism is the result of many years of natural selection. True False 61. At the highest trophic level, there is less energy and fewer organisms than at the lower levels. True False 62. Competition between members of the same species is known as intraspecific competition. True False 63. The production of a new species from a previous species is known as mutualism. True False 64. Populations are all organisms of a specific kind that live within a specific geographic region True False 65. In 2001 the IPCC report concluded that increased CO2 from human activity is contributing to climate change. True False 66. If a species becomes isolated from another for a long time as a result of a barrier, speciation will not occur. True False 67. Producers are organisms that are able to use sources of energy to make complex, organic molecules from simple inorganic substances in their environment. True False 68. Consumers are organisms that require no organic matter as a source of food. True False 69. A food chain is a series of organism occupying different trophic levels through which energy passes. True False 70. Detritus are small bits of non-living organic material. True False 71. About 50% of photosynthesis activity takes place in fresh water. True False 72. During the carbon cycle, the same carbon atoms are used over and over again. True False 73. The source of nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle is found in rocks. True False 74. The source of phosphate in the phosphorous cycle is the atmosphere. True False 75. In 2002 Iowa became the first state to regulate the use of phosphorus in lawn fertilizer. True False 76. Conversion of natural ecosystems to agriculture ecosystems can lead to less carbon stored in soil and large plants such as trees. True False 77. Charles Darwin developed the idea of natural selection without understanding the gene concept. True False 78. A species that has a narrow range of tolerance to heat, such as a polar bear, should be able to adapt easily to changes in its habitat that occur with global warming. True False 5 Key 1. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor? A. B. C. D. the number of individuals of a particular species living in a community the interactions between different species in a community the diversity of prey and predator species in a community the climate of the community in which the species mentioned above inhabit Enger - Chapter 05 #1 2. Natural selection is the process that determines A. B. C. D. who an individual mates with. which scientist publishes their experiments. which individuals within a species will reproduce and pass their genes to the next generation. how active an animal is at night. Enger - Chapter 05 #2 3. The development of herbicide resistance in populations of weeds over several generations is an example of A. B. C. D. social Darwinism. biogeochemical cycles. organic farming. evolution. Enger - Chapter 05 #3 4. Charles Darwin is generally credited with A. B. C. D. developing the concept of sexual dimorphism. developing the concept of natural selection. developing the concept of genetic concept. All of these are correct. Enger - Chapter 05 #4 5. Among plants, a condition that results in the number of sets of chromosomes in cells to increase, is called A. B. C. D. multi-genetics. polyploidy. diploid. haploid. Enger - Chapter 05 #5 6. Extinction of organisms is A. B. C. D. very unusual. uncommon. not occurring today. a common event. Enger - Chapter 05 #6 7. Ecologists distinguish two different kinds of competition. One is A. B. C. D. intraspecific. interspecific. ultraspecific. Both intraspecific and interspecific are correct. Enger - Chapter 05 #7 8. This concept states that no two species can occupy the same ecological niche in the same place and the same time. A. B. C. D. Natural Selection Genetic Drift Competitive Exclusion Principle Niche Exclusion Enger - Chapter 05 #8 9. Two organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring are said to be individuals of the same A. B. C. D. community. niche. habitat. species. Enger - Chapter 05 #9 10. When a population becomes isolated from another over a long period of time A. B. C. D. gene exchange is likely to occur. speciation will not occur. speciation is likely to occur. extinction is likely to occur. Enger - Chapter 05 #10 11. Ecologists have traditionally categorized the roles of organisms in ecosystems into three broad categories that include A. B. C. D. producers. consumers. decomposers. All of these are correct. Enger - Chapter 05 #11 12. The use of fertilizers in agriculture has significantly altered several nutrient cycles including A. B. C. D. nitrogen. phosphorus. potassium. All of these are correct. Enger - Chapter 05 #12 13. The chief limiting factor to the success of most trout species is A. B. C. D. the ability to reproduce. the dissolved oxygen content in water. the amount of plant biomass. All of these are correct. Enger - Chapter 05 #13 14. What is the term used to describe food chains which overlap and intersect? A. B. C. D. food web detrital food chain natural selection range of tolerance Enger - Chapter 05 #14 15. The small amount of dissolved oxygen found in warm water is considered a _______ to the success of many fish species. A. B. C. D. biotic factor limiting factor niche None of these are correct. Enger - Chapter 05 #15 16. Grazing animals and the grasses they eat have both evolved in response to each other's influence. This process is known as A. B. C. D. coevolution. extinction. competitive exclusion principle. interspecific competition. Enger - Chapter 05 #16 17. Which of the following organisms is a primary producer? A. B. C. D. fungi grasshoppers grass bacteria Enger - Chapter 05 #17 18. Which of the following organisms is a secondary consumer? A. B. C. D. wolf elk mouse bacteria Enger - Chapter 05 #18 19. Which of the following is NOT a decomposer? A. B. C. D. fungi bacteria moss None of these are correct. Enger - Chapter 05 #19 20. In a mutualistic relationship A. B. C. D. one organism benefits while the other is unaffected. both species benefit. one species benefits while the other is harmed. endoparasites outnumber ectoparasites. Enger - Chapter 05 #20 21. Each step in the flow of energy through an ecosystem is known as a A. B. C. D. food chain. trophic level. plateau of consumption. food web. Enger - Chapter 05 #21 22. The relationship between frogs and insects is an example of A. B. C. D. intraspecific competition. coevolution. a predator-prey relationship. competitive exclusion. Enger - Chapter 05 #22 23. Biting insects that transmit parasites are known as A. B. C. D. vectors. endoparasites. keystone species. None of these are correct. Enger - Chapter 05 #23 24. Tapeworms living inside the intestines of their host are an example of what type of relationship? A. B. C. D. symbiosis commensalisms ectoparasitism endoparasitism Enger - Chapter 05 #24 25. Which of the following elements is a limiting factor to plants in naturally occurring soil? A. B. C. D. nitrogen phosphorous oxygen carbon Enger - Chapter 05 #25 26. What kind of plant has nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in their roots? A. B. C. D. deciduous trees mosses legumes ferns Enger - Chapter 05 #26 27. Phosphorous is released from rocks by which process? A. B. C. D. bacterial decomposition weathering and erosion photosynthesis All of these are correct. Enger - Chapter 05 #27 28. Carbon enters the carbon cycle in the form of A. B. C. D. lipids formed in photosynthesis. carbonate in rock. atmospheric carbon dioxide. decomposition of organic material. Enger - Chapter 05 #28 29. Which of the following is an example of a keystone species? A. B. C. D. bison sea kelp wolves None of these are correct. Enger - Chapter 05 #29 30. Which of the following is an example of a detrital food chain? A. B. C. D. a coniferous forest sewage treatment plan open lake salt marsh Enger - Chapter 05 #30 31. Polyploidy is an evolutionary mechanism that may result in A. B. C. D. new plant species. a surge in birth rates in mammals. the baldness trait becoming dominant in men. death if recessive. Enger - Chapter 05 #31 32. Another name for nutrient cycles in ecosystems is A. B. C. D. biogeochemical cycle. menstrual cycle. hydrogen cycle. diurnal cycle. Enger - Chapter 05 #32 33. This meat eater often gets meat from animals that have died by accident or illness, or were killed by other animals. A. B. C. D. scavenger omnivore carnivore parasite Enger - Chapter 05 #33 34. The introduction of which organism is correlated with a major disruption to the food web of the Great Lakes? A. B. C. D. diatoms whitefish zebra mussels Diporeia. Enger - Chapter 05 #34 Which of the following best matches the description? Enger - Chapter 05 35. Series of stages in the flow of nitrogen in ecosystems. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition Enger - Chapter 05 #35 36. Stage in the flow of energy in an ecosystem. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition Enger - Chapter 05 #36 37. Animal that eats plants. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition Enger - Chapter 05 #37 38. An organism that can manufacture its own food from inorganic substances. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition Enger - Chapter 05 #38 39. A region in which an organism lives. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition Enger - Chapter 05 #39 40. The flow of carbon from the atmosphere to living organisms and back again. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition Enger - Chapter 05 #40 41. Bacteria that convert nitrogen compounds in the soil into nitrogen gas. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition Enger - Chapter 05 #41 42. Competition between members of different species. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition Enger - Chapter 05 #42 43. An organism that eats both plants and animals. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition Enger - Chapter 05 #43 44. Competition between members of the same species. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition Enger - Chapter 05 #44 45. Interacting groups of different species in a given area. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition Enger - Chapter 05 #45 46. Accumulation of organic material produced by living things. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition Enger - Chapter 05 #46 47. Bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into usable plant forms. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition Enger - Chapter 05 #47 48. Parasite that lives on the outside of its host. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition Enger - Chapter 05 #48 49. One primary environmental condition that determines the success of an organism. A. denitrifying bacteria B. herbivore C. omnivore D. producer E. trophic level F. community G. ectoparasite H. limiting factor I. secondary consumer J. nitrogen cycle K. biomass L. habitat M. carbon cycle N. interspecific competition O. nitrogen-fixing bacteria P. intraspecific competition Enger - Chapter 05 #49 50. Phosphate mining on the island of Nauru has contributed to a sequence of changes in the island ecosystem that ultimately reduced the life expectancy of islanders. TRUE Enger - Chapter 05 #50 51. Genetic variation among individuals of the same species enables some of these individuals to have a greater chance of obtaining resources and therefore, producing more offspring. TRUE Enger - Chapter 05 #51 52. Genes are distinct pieces of DNA that determine the characteristics an individual displays. TRUE Enger - Chapter 05 #52 53. Everything that affects an organism during its lifetime is known as ecology. FALSE Enger - Chapter 05 #53 54. The carbon cycle is an example of how materials are cycled through ecosystems. TRUE Enger - Chapter 05 #54 55. The biotic component of an organism's environment is the non-living or physical factors. FALSE Enger - Chapter 05 #55 56. Competition between foxes and hawks for the use of mice and rabbits as food is called intraspecific competition. FALSE Enger - Chapter 05 #56 57. About 20 percent of the energy passing from one trophic level to the next is lost. FALSE Enger - Chapter 05 #57 58. Symbiotic relationships are those in which organisms live in physical contact with one another. TRUE Enger - Chapter 05 #58 59. Commensal organisms live on another organism and harm the host in the process. FALSE Enger - Chapter 05 #59 60. The niche of an organism is the result of many years of natural selection. TRUE Enger - Chapter 05 #60 61. At the highest trophic level, there is less energy and fewer organisms than at the lower levels. TRUE Enger - Chapter 05 #61 62. Competition between members of the same species is known as intraspecific competition. TRUE Enger - Chapter 05 #62 63. The production of a new species from a previous species is known as mutualism. FALSE Enger - Chapter 05 #63 64. Populations are all organisms of a specific kind that live within a specific geographic region TRUE Enger - Chapter 05 #64 65. In 2001 the IPCC report concluded that increased CO2 from human activity is contributing to climate change. TRUE Enger - Chapter 05 #65 66. If a species becomes isolated from another for a long time as a result of a barrier, speciation will not occur. FALSE Enger - Chapter 05 #66 67. Producers are organisms that are able to use sources of energy to make complex, organic molecules from simple inorganic substances in their environment. TRUE Enger - Chapter 05 #67 68. Consumers are organisms that require no organic matter as a source of food. FALSE Enger - Chapter 05 #68 69. A food chain is a series of organism occupying different trophic levels through which energy passes. TRUE Enger - Chapter 05 #69 70. Detritus are small bits of non-living organic material. TRUE Enger - Chapter 05 #70 71. About 50% of photosynthesis activity takes place in fresh water. FALSE Enger - Chapter 05 #71 72. During the carbon cycle, the same carbon atoms are used over and over again. TRUE Enger - Chapter 05 #72 73. The source of nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle is found in rocks. FALSE Enger - Chapter 05 #73 74. The source of phosphate in the phosphorous cycle is the atmosphere. FALSE Enger - Chapter 05 #74 75. In 2002 Iowa became the first state to regulate the use of phosphorus in lawn fertilizer. FALSE Enger - Chapter 05 #75 76. Conversion of natural ecosystems to agriculture ecosystems can lead to less carbon stored in soil and large plants such as trees. TRUE Enger - Chapter 05 #76 77. Charles Darwin developed the idea of natural selection without understanding the gene concept. TRUE Enger - Chapter 05 #77 78. A species that has a narrow range of tolerance to heat, such as a polar bear, should be able to adapt easily to changes in its habitat that occur with global warming. FALSE Enger - Chapter 05 #78 5 Summary Category Enger - Chapter 05 # of Questions 79