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Chapter 5 Section 5 The Expansion of Greece The Persian Wars 500 B.C. – Greeks vs. Persians Greeks in Asia Minor rebel Athens: Darius: helps Greeks Persian Ruler Crushes Greeks Wants to punish Athens: Control mainland First Persian Invasion 490 B.C. Battle of Marathon Athenians stop Persian invasion Conflict continues until 479 BC 10 years of uneasy peace. Second Persian Invasion Xerxes: Persian Leader 480 Invades Greece Battle of Thermopylae: 300 Spartans stop Persians –Spartans refuse to surrender –All 300 die: allowed for other Greek city states to prepare Themistocles Athenian leader: Creator of Greek navy Evacuates Athens. Battle of Salamis: turning point –Greeks destroy Persian fleet 479 BC – Athens & Sparta defeat Persians at Plataea –Ends war. Result of Persian Wars Persians remain a threat Sparta: Wanted Greeks to unite under their rule. Fear of Helot revolt prevents this. Athens: forms Delian League Alliance of 140 city-states. Athens build empire around the League. Age of Pericles Golden Athenian leader: 461-429 BC Age of Athens Athenian democracy reached it’s height. Built the Parthenon and Acropolis Stability and prosperity Use navy to keep Persians out Parthenon of Athens Democracy under Pericles Male citizens could hold office –Except lowest class Officeholders: –Paid –Chosen by lot (No advantage) No women involvement Pericles and the Delian League D.L.- gains protection but loses independence. Athenian gov’t made all decisions Moved the Treasury to Athens. Resentment towards Athens Peloponnesian War War between Sparta & Athens –431 B.C. Causes: –Old Rivals –Sparta upset over Athens control of the Delian League. Peloponnesian War Sparta –> Army Siege of Athens Athens –> Navy –Lasted 27 years –Plague broke out in Athens – Finally Blocked Athens food supply Sparta wins: Athens=2nd rate power Greek political society becomes unstable