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Chapter 5
Section 5
The Expansion
of Greece
The Persian Wars
 500
B.C. – Greeks vs. Persians
 Greeks in Asia Minor rebel
Athens:
 Darius:
helps Greeks
Persian Ruler
Crushes
Greeks
Wants to punish Athens: Control
mainland
First Persian
Invasion
 490
B.C. Battle of Marathon
 Athenians stop Persian
invasion
 Conflict continues until 479 BC
 10 years of uneasy peace.
Second Persian Invasion
 Xerxes:
Persian Leader
 480 Invades Greece
 Battle of Thermopylae:
300 Spartans stop Persians
–Spartans refuse to surrender
–All 300 die: allowed for other
Greek city states to prepare
Themistocles
 Athenian
leader: Creator
of Greek navy
 Evacuates Athens.
 Battle of Salamis: turning point
–Greeks destroy Persian fleet
 479
BC – Athens & Sparta defeat
Persians at Plataea
–Ends war.
Result of Persian Wars
 Persians
remain a threat
 Sparta: Wanted Greeks to unite
under their rule.
Fear
of Helot revolt prevents this.
 Athens:
forms Delian League
Alliance
of 140 city-states.
Athens build empire around the League.
Age of Pericles
 Golden
Athenian leader:
461-429 BC
Age of Athens
 Athenian democracy reached it’s
height.
 Built the Parthenon and Acropolis
 Stability and prosperity
 Use navy to keep Persians out
Parthenon of Athens
Democracy under Pericles
 Male
citizens could hold office
–Except lowest class
 Officeholders:
–Paid
–Chosen by lot (No advantage)
 No women involvement
Pericles and the Delian League
 D.L.-
gains protection but
loses independence.
 Athenian gov’t made all
decisions
 Moved the Treasury to
Athens.
 Resentment towards Athens
Peloponnesian War
 War
between Sparta & Athens
–431 B.C.
 Causes:
–Old Rivals
–Sparta upset over Athens control
of the Delian League.
Peloponnesian War
 Sparta
–> Army
 Siege of Athens
Athens –> Navy
–Lasted 27 years
–Plague broke out in Athens
– Finally Blocked Athens food supply
 Sparta
wins: Athens=2nd rate power
 Greek political society becomes
unstable