Download Intro to Macromolecules

Chemistry of Life Unit
Chapter 2-3
INTRODUCTION
TO
MACROMOLECULES
VOCABULARY RECAP
Macromolecules
Carbohydrate
Monomer
Monosaccharide
Polymer
Polysaccharide
Organic
Cellulose
Lipid
Fatty
Acid
Glycerol
Unsaturated Fat
Saturated Fat
Glycogen
Protein
Amino
Acid
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide
MACROMOLECULES
“Macro” =????
2) Macromolecules are “giant molecules”
3) Formed through polymerization
1)
a. The prefix “poly” refers to many
b. Large compounds are formed by joining
together smaller compounds
c. Smaller units are called monomers
d. Monomers join together to form larger
polymers
Small
monomers
may be
identical or
different
Monomers
are linked
together like
beads on a
necklace to
form the
polymer
MACROMOLECULES cont….
4) Also known as Organic Molecules
a. Contain the element carbon
Can bond with many elements
Including: Hydrogen, oxygen,
phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen
Can bond with 4 elements at once
Can form chains, rings, and complex structures
b.
c.
Found in living organisms
Sometimes called “biomolecules”
MACROMOLECULES
4 Types of Macromolecules
1. Lipids
2. Carbohydrates
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Examples:
Fats, oils, waxes & steroids
Function: Waterproof coverings of cells,
can be used for long-term energy storage.
Elements: Mostly carbon and hydrogen with
some oxygen.
Monomer: 3 fatty-acids and 1 glycerol
head
Polymer: Lipids
– Unsaturated Fats: Liquid at room temperature due to
double bonds (bent structure)
– Saturated Fats: Solid at room temperature and no
double bonds (full of hydrogen)
Lipids
1-Glycerol
Head
3-Fatty
Acid
Tails
Long
Chain
Structure
Smaller monomers linked to form a larger polymer
Carbohydrates
Examples:
Sugars & Starches
Function: Main source of energy in living
things. Also structural purposes in plants.
Elements: Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
in a 1:2:1 ratio (ex. C6H12O6)
Monomer: Monosaccharides
– Simple sugars like glucose, fructose, and
galactose
Polymer:
Polysaccharides (starches)
– Starch: excess Plant sugar
– Glycogen: excess Animal Sugar
Polysaccharide
Carbohydrates
Ring
Structure
Monosaccharide
Smaller monomers linked to form a larger polymer
Proteins
Examples:
Hair, nails and enzymes
Function: Form muscles & bones,
transport substances and control the rate
of reactions in the body.
Elements: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
nitrogen
Monomer: Amino Acids
Polymer: Protein
Structure: Long chains of amino acids
– 4 Levels of Structure
Proteins
Complex
Folded
Structures
Long Chain
Structure
Folded
Structure
Smaller monomers linked to form a larger polymer
Nucleic Acids
Examples:
DNA & RNA
Function: Store and transmit genetic
information
Elements: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen and phosphorus
Monomer: Nucleotide (phosphate, sugar & nitrogen base)
Polymer: Nucleic Acid
Structure: Long chains of nucleotides found
in a twisted or folded structure
Nucleic Acids
Smaller monomers linked to form a larger polymer