Download Task The Crusades

3/28/2017
Task
■ Take out a separate sheet of paper.
■ Take out your homework reading pages 352355
The Crusades
■ Objectives: Students will identify the causes, events, and
impact of the Crusades on Christians and Muslims.
Students will be able to form an argument on whether or not
the Crusades was a form of terrorism.
■ Agenda:
1. The Crusades PPT Notes
2. SAC: The Crusades
■ Homework: Read pages 374-378
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BEFORE THE
CRUSADES…WHAT’S
HAPPENING IN
EUROPE?
“Age of Faith”
■ Two churches: Catholic and Eastern Orthodox
■ The church preserves classical learning (Greece and Rome)
■ Church corruption
– Priests marrying
– Simony: positions in the church sold by bishops
– Lay investiture put kings in control of church bishops
■ Church reform
■ Cathedrals being built with Gothic Architecture
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THE CRUSADES
1095-1291
What are the Crusades?
■ A series of
religious
wars
sanctioned
by the
Christian
Church
aimed at
recovering
the Holy
Land from
Islamic Rule.
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Who fought in the Crusades?
■ Christian Crusaders vs. Muslims
Why did the Crusades Start?
■ Muslim Turks captured Jerusalem from the Byzantine
Empire
■ Muslims stopped Christians from visiting the Holy Land
■ Christian pilgrims were attacked
■ Byzantine Empire feared attack on Constantinople
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Emperor Alexis Comnenus, Byzantine
Empire
“Come then, with all your people and give battle with all your
strength, so that tall this treasure shall not fall into the hands
of the Turks…Therefore act while there is time lest the
kingdom of the Christians shall vanish from your sight and,
what is more important, the Holy Sepulchre [tomb where Jesus
was buried] shall vanish. And in your coming you will find your
reward in heaven, and if you do not come, God will condemn
you.”
Pope Urban II’s speech
“Let the holy sepulcher of our Lord and Savior, which is
possessed by the unclean nations, especially arouse you…This
royal city [Jerusalem], situated at the center of the earth, is no
held captive by the enemies of Christ and is subjected, by
those who do not know God, to the worship of the heathen.
Accordingly, undertake this journey eagerly for the remission of
your sins, with the assurance of the reward of imperishable
glory in the kingdom of heaven.”
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Who answers the “call to fight?”
■ Feudal Lords
■ Knights
■ Peasants
Causes: Economic and Religious Motives
■ Knights and the Church saw the Crusades as an opportunity to
get rid of quarrelsome knights who fought each other.
■ Younger sons participated because they did not stand to inherit
their father’s property.
■ Religious zeal, according to Pope Urban II, if you died on Crusade,
you were assured a place in heaven
■ Merchants profited by making cash loans to finance Crusades
and leased ships for a fee to transport armies over the
Mediterranean
■ Merchants of Pisa, Genoa, and Venice hoped to win control over
trade routes in India, SE Asia, and China from Muslim traders
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First and Second Crusade
■ First Crusade:
– Crusaders were unprepared
– July 15, 1099 Crusaders captured Jerusalem
– Many Christians return home
■ Second Crusade:
– 1187: Turks reconquered Jerusalem with the help of the
Muslim leader Saladin
Third and Fourth Crusade
■ Third Crusade:
– English King Richard the Lion-Hearted
– Truce agreed to between Richard and Saladin in 1192,
Jerusalem remained under Muslim control and Christian
pilgrims wouldn’t be harmed if they wanted to visit the
city’s holy places.
■ Fourth Crusade:
– 1198: Pope Innocent III appealed for another Crusade to
capture Jerusalem.
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Later Crusades
■ Crusaders armies tried to take North Africa, but did not
conquer much.
■ Children’s Crusade in 1212 – thousands of children set out
for the Holy Land
– Many died from cold and starvation
– One group survived
– The rest drowned at sea or were sold into slavery
■ Spanish Crusade
– Reconquista
– Inquisition
Effects of the Crusades
■ Muslim Turks still rule the Holy Land
■ Byzantine Empire is weakened
■ Pope’s power declines
■ Power of feudal nobles weakens because they died or spent too
much money on military
■ Kings become stronger
■ Religious intolerance grows
■ Italian cities expand trade and grow rich
■ Muslims increasingly distrust Christians
■ Trade grows between Europe and the Middle East
■ European technology improves as Crusaders learn from Muslims
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Historian’s Commentary, Norman
Cantor
“The most important legacy of the crusading movement was
the sanctification [making holy] of violence in pursuit of
[ideas]. This was not a new concept, but it took on a new force
when the pope and the flower of Christian chivalry acted it our
in holy wars. The underlying concept outlived its religious
origin,…and the state gradually replaced the Church as a holy
cause.”
WERE THE
CRUSADES AN
EXAMPLE OF
TERRORISM?
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“Terrorism,” can you define it, what
does it mean?
Obama invoked the Crusades when
talking about terrorism…
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Structured Academic Controversy: The Crusades
■ Directions:
– In this activity, your group will be assigned a position on a
debatable issue. You do not have to agree with the side you
are assigned to, but you do have to work to defend it
successfully.
– Using the materials provided, your group will determine the
most important points of evidence supporting your assigned
point of view.
– Remember, be convincing! Please fill out the table as you
decide what the most important points of evidence for your
side are. Make sure you have at least THREE (3) points to
discuss.
Are the Crusades an example of terrorism?
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