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ETHICS VS. MORALITY • is the final goal or aim of what we are doing • is about how we achieve that goal or what we are going to do to get there • Essentially, it’s the ends vs. the means HINDUISM HINDUISM BASIC FACTS History: Founder: Deities: Sacred Books: Place of Worship: MORALITY IN HINDUISM - DHARMA AND KARMA • Two main thoughts which inform moral thought and action are . DHARMA is responsible for and is all about acting properly • Dharma can include , , , , and . • Dharma can be influenced by your , your and your . • KARMA is essentially a . • Positive actions = Positive Effect • Negative actions = Negative Effect • Karma is generated when AHIMSA • Ahimsa ( ) is a way in which one can create positive karma • The idea behind ahimsa is that all beings are , so any action that harms another being, BUDDHISM BUDDHISM BASIC FACTS History: Founder: Deities: Sacred Books: Place of Worship: MORALITY IN BUDDHISM • Much like in Hinduism, karma is one of the fundamental principles of moral thought and action in Buddhism • Until a period known as , one’s actions in life will determine future rebirths • The are another principle of moral thought and action. Its purpose is to help realize the call to enlightenment • The is often misinterpreted as guidelines for correct behaviour (Better translation is skillful behaviour) THE 8-FOLD PATH A. RIGHT VIEW 1. Must understand that life is and the illusion of a separate/individual self influences dissatisfaction in life. 2. Avoid states of mind that give rise to Actively have and wishes for another. B. RIGHT CONDUCT 3. Wrong speech incl. Focus on engaging in speech that is kind and compassionate. 4. Wrong actions incl. We are asked to act with 5. This involves trying to achieve a life that time, attempts to help and at the same C. RIGHT PRACTICE 6. Following Buddha’s teachings is difficult and does require effort, but it does not need to be a struggle. When wrong thoughts or speech occur, simply let them go. The solution is to create a 7. Being mindful is being aware of one’s , and so you are not controlled by them It is an awareness of nature and the way it operates 8. and direct the mind towards positive actions Use to help seek insight and tranquility ISLAM ISLAM BASIC FACTS History: Founder: Deities: Sacred Books: Place of Worship: MORALITY IN ISLAM • Moral system originates from its belief in God who creates and sustains the Universe • The purpose of life is to and live in life in harmony with the will of God, to . • They use the and the as a guide. • Moral goodness is based on a true and sincere faith in God • A strong relationship with God is the key to virtue and good conduct, and knows our true intentions even in the depths of our heart • An awareness of God and his judgement allows man to be more moral not only in conduct, but also intentions. MORALITY OF INDIVIDUALS AND SOCIETY • Individuals are expected to possess characteristics of • Other qualities expected are • is one of the most commendable acts in Islam (an annual charity provision is one of the pillars of Islam) • Whatever leads to the of the individual or society is • Whatever leads to the of the individual or society is • Muslims are called to be morally healthy as individuals, but must also contribute to the moral health of the society through their actions CONCLUSION • Virtually all world religions have similar ideals of , and making their individuals better human beings that want to achieve the ‘GOOD’ • All religions agree that there is a need to control an that leads to trouble, and teaches ways of reaching a