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Download 1. What are the different kinds of carbohydrates? Be able to define
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Ch 22: Carbohydrates 1.! What are the different kinds of carbohydrates? Be able to define monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, and recognize examples.! 2.! Why are monosaccharides handed, and how does this influence the numbers and types of their isomers? Be able to identify the chiral carbon atoms in monosaccharides, predict the number of isomers for different monosaccharides, and identify pairs of enantiomers.! (covered on 1st exam) 3.! What are the structures of monosaccharides, and how are they represented in written formulas? Be able to explain relationships among open-chain and cyclic monosaccharide structures, describe the isomers of monosaccharides, and show how they are represented by Fischer projections and cyclic structural formulas. 4.! How do monosaccharides react with oxidizing agents and alcohols? Be able to identify reducing sugars and the products of their oxidation, recognize acetals of monosaccharides, and describe glycosidic linkages in disaccharides.! 5.! What are the structures of some important disaccharides? Be able to identify the monosaccharides combined in maltose, lactose, and sucrose, and describe the types of linkages between the monosaccharides. 6.! What are the functions of some important carbohydrates that contain modified monosaccharide structures? Be able to identify the functions of chitin, connectivetissue polysaccharides, heparin, and glycoproteins.! 7.! What are the structures and functions of cellulose, starch, and glycogen? Be able to describe the monosaccharides and linkages in these polysaccharides, their uses and fates in metabolism. 1 Ch 22: Carbohydrates 1.! What are the different kinds of carbohydrates? Be able to define monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, and recognize examples.! Monosaccharides: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Disaccharides: ! 2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ch 22: Carbohydrates Polysaccharides ! 3 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ch 22: Carbohydrates 3.! 4 What are the structures of monosaccharides, and how are they represented in written formulas? Ch 22: Carbohydrates Anomer: Anomeric Carbon Atom: Mutarotation: 5 Ch 22: Carbohydrates 6 Ch 22: Carbohydrates 4.! How do monosaccharides react with oxidizing agents and alcohols? Be able to identify reducing sugars and the products of their oxidation, recognize acetals of monosaccharides, and describe glycosidic linkages in disaccharides Reducing Sugar: ! 7 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ch 22: Carbohydrates Glycosides: Glycosidic Bond: 5. What are the structures of some important monosaccharides and disaccharides? Monosaccharides Glucose: 8 Ch 22: Carbohydrates Galactose: Fructose: 9 Ch 22: Carbohydrates Ribose: ! ! ! ! ! ! Deoxyribose: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 10 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ch 22: Carbohydrates Disaccharides Lactose (milk sugar): Sucrose: 11 Ch 22: Carbohydrates 6.! What are the functions of some important carbohydrates that contain modified monosaccharide structures? Hyaluronate: Chondroitin 6-sulfate: 12 Ch 22: Carbohydrates Heparin: Chitin: Glycoproteins: 13 Ch 22: Carbohydrates 7.! What are the structures and functions of cellulose, starch, and glycogen? Be able to describe the monosaccharides and linkages in these polysaccharides, their uses and fates in metabolism. Cellulose: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Starch: ! 14 ! Ch 22: Carbohydrates Glycogen: 15
