Download Anaise Ikama Date 03/22/07

Anaise Ikama
SCL 103
Worksheet # 1
Date 03/22/07
Short Answer
1. Describe the purpose of the fiber in the diet. List the best food sources.
The function of the fiber in our diet is to provide feeling of fullness, it also
protect us against chronic diseases, constipation, type 2 diabetes, colon and breast
cancer. Higher sources of fiber, such as vegetables and fruits, help in weigh loss.
2. Discuss the protein-sparing action of the carbohydrates.
The protein-sparing action of the carbohydrates is refer to when
carbohydrates are consume adequately to meet the energy need, therefore, giving
protein availability to perform its primary functions as: replenishing enzymes,
hormones, antibodies and blood.
3. Compare and contrast the three groups of carbohydrates:
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Carbohydrates can be classified as being simple or complex. Simples
carbohydrates are known are monosaccharides and disaccharides. The term
monosaccharides refer to as single molecule of sugars such as glucose and
fructose, which taste sweet and are absorbed directly into the blood.
Disaccharides (sucrose, maltose…) on the other hand are made out of two
monosaccharides, must be changed to glucose before absorption. Unlike mono
and disaccharides, polysaccharide are complex and do not taste sweet because
their molecules are too big to fit on the tongue’s receptor s. Also they take a long
time to digest. Though, polysaccharides take time to digest, fibers are indigestible.
4. Discuss the function of fat in the diet.
Fat in the body provides energy, protect vital organs, insulate against cold
environmental temperatures and facilitate the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
5. Discuss the process of metabolism, catabolism, and anabolism.
Cells are chemical that obtain organic molecules from the interstitial fluid
and break them down to obtain energy - a process known as cellular metabolism.
It also referred to all the physical and chemical reaction that occur in living cells,
which is also the combination catabolism and anabolism. In definition, catabolism
is the breakdown of carbohydrates, protein, fats or large molecules (glycogen and
triglyceride) previously assembles by cell through the process known as
anabolism. Anabolism is the build-up or synthesis of new organic molecules.
6. Describe the mechanism of thirst. Describe situation when thirst is not a
reliable warning.
The mechanism of thirst is triggered by increase of serum sodium from
food- this mechanism can be balanced by drinking fluids, which in turn brings the
level sodium concentration in the blood and increases the volume of fluid. Thirst
can be reliable or not. In a situation when thirst is not a reliable indicator of water,
people have to drink fluid regularly, not wait “until the sensation of thirst occurs
because by then fluid loss is significant. Because the body cannot store water,
[therefore], it should be consumed throughout the day” (Susan G.Dudek. page
151).
7. List the functions of water in the body.
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Provides shape and structure of cells
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Aids in the digestion and absorption of nutrients
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Transports nutrients and oxygen cells
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Serves as a solvent for vitamins, minerals, glucose and amino acids
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Eliminates waste
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Is a major component of mucus and other lubricating fluids.
8. Differentiate low-density lipoprotein from high-density lipoproteins.
High-density lipoprotein is good cholesterol, acts as a scavenger to take
bad cholesterol out of the system serum and transport it to the liver, where it is
either recycled or excreted in the bile. Also protect against heart disease. Lower–
density lipoprotein carries fat in the blood, which can cause coronary heart
disease.
9. Describe alternate feeding methods when the oral route cannot be used.
For long-term patients with a functional gastrointestinal gastrostomy,
several feeding methods can be used. There is an ostomy-feeding route, which is
hidden under clothing and elimininae irritation of the mucous membrane.
Percutaneous endoscopic and gastrostomy tube are placed with the aid of
endoscopes. As for short duration patients, who are not able to consume oral
intake, nasogastric is used to alternate their feedings.
10. Describe the source of minerals.
Minerals are inorganic substances that cannot be broken down in the body.
They are classified as refined, processed, unrefined and unprocessed. Generally,
unrefined or unprocessed foods have more minerals than refined foods. However,
in Mypyramid, processed foods are classified as being high in sodium and
chloride.