Download ORGANIC MOLECULES

ORGANIC
MOLECULES
CARBOHYDRATES
CARBOHYDRATE-RICH FOODS
• White flour
• Oatmeal
• Pasta
• Bagel
• Wholegrain cereals
• Fruits and Fruit juice
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• Candies
• Cookies
Potato / Yam
Brown rice
Corn
Beans
CARBOHYDRATES
• Made of: C, H, O
• Monomer (Subunit): monosaccharide
• Functions:
–Short term energy storage
–Makes up cell walls of plants
3 TYPES OF
CARBOHYDRATES
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
“Saccharide” = “sugar”
“mono” = “one”
“di” = “two”
“poly” = “many”
MONOSACCHARIDES
• Smallest carbohydrate
• All have C6H12O6 chemical formula, but
the structure is different (isomers)
• Three important monosaccharides:
– Glucose
– Fructose
– Galactose
STRUCTURE OF
MONOSACCHARIDES
H
H
H
H
Galactose
DISACCHARIDES
• Two monosaccharides bonded
together.
• Three important disaccharides:
–Maltose
–Sucrose
–Lactose
STRUCTURE OF
DISACCHARIDES
POLYSACCHARIDES
• Many monosaccharides bonded
together
• Also called “complex carbohydrates”
• Three important polysaccharides:
–Starch
–Glycogen
–Cellulose
STRUCTURE OF
POLYSACCHARIDES
STARCH
Function: energy for plants
• Structure: slightly branched chain of
glucose molecules
• Found in:
– Rice
– Wheat
– Corn
– Potatoes
GLYCOGEN
• Function: energy for animals
• Structure: highly branched chain of
glucose molecules
• Found in: Muscle and liver cells
CELLULOSE
• Function: forms the cell walls of plants and gives
structural support
• Structure: Straight chains of glucose molecules
• Found in:
– wood
– paper
– (any part of a plant)
• Humans cannot digest cellulose
• Some animals have bacteria in their digestive
systems to help digest it