Download Fall Final Exam SG

Environmental Science
Final Exam Review Guide
Name ________________________________________ Test Date: ______________________________________
Do not only study this Review Guide, also study notes, old quizzes, tests, activities, book work (questions from the
book). Anything we have done this semester is fair game for the final exam.
Unit 1
Nutrient Cycles
Define:
Water cycle
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Phosphorous Cycle
•
Describe the process of how each cycle keeps cycling.
•
Explain what a carbon sink is and what happens there.
•
Which cycles are closed cycles and why might it be important to be more sustaninable?
•
What are greenhouse gases?
•
What do they do the environment? Atmosphere (ozone layer)?
FC/FW
Define:
Producer
Autotroph
Consumer
Herbivores
Omnivores
Carnivores
Decomposer
Energy transfer
•
Describe the difference between food chains and food webs.
•
Where do all food chains and food webs begin?
•
Where does the energy come from? Name the process.
•
How does energy transfer happen?
•
Why are decomposers important to an ecosystem?
•
Determine organisms trophic level by looking at a food chain and food web.
Biomes
Define:
Abiotic
Biotic
Biosphere
Habitat
Community
Niche
Population
•
Identify the difference between an aquatic versus terrestrial biome.
•
Look at the Biome matrix/chart you completed for the Biome notes. Be able to explain the major threats for
each biome, and common characteristics of each biome.
•
What affect do mountains have on the amount of rainfall?
•
What are factors that affect where you might find biome distribution?
Predator-Prey
Define:
Predator
Prey
•
Why are predators larger than prey?
•
Describe effects of taking predators out of an ecosystem.
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List the tactics of a predator.
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List the tactics of a prey.
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Name a predator that has been reintroduced successfully and explain how why it was successful.
Native vs. Invasive Species
Define:
Native
Invasive
Biodiversity
•
What might cause the loss of biodiversity?
•
What are ways to improve biodiversity?
•
(Page 49 of workbook) Explain range of tolerance. Describe where you might find the greatest diversity and
where you might find an overabundance of resources.
•
List 3 invasive species and how they have affected an ecosystem.
•
What measures have humans taken to
Unit 2
Population Dynamics
Define:
Population
Population Density
Carrying Capacity
Limiting factors
Density Independent Factors
Density Dependent Factors
J-curve
S-curve
K-selection
r-selection
•
Describe the two types of migration.
•
What are the three factors that affect population growth?
•
Describe the difference between J-curve and S-curves.
•
Draw and label J-curve, S-curve & linear growth.
•
Compare and contrast K-selection to r-selection.
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Why is competition important when looking at populations?
•
Identify key characteristics of a slow life-history pattern vs. a rapid life history pattern.
•
List examples of density-independent factors.
•
List examples of density-dependent factors.
•
What is the population growth equation?
•
What will happen to the environment if the population stays over the carrying capacity?
Population Growth Pyramids
Define:
Population Growth Pyramid
•
Identify a population growth pyramid that is increasing, decreasing & stable.
•
Explain the population growth pyramids (include; age structure & sex ratios)
•
If it took 130 years for Earth’s population to grow from 1 billion to 2 billion, how long did it take for the
human population to double again to 4 billion?
World Disease & Hunger
Define:
Hunger
Malnutrition
Disease
Obesity
•
How many humans are now living on Earth?
•
What percentage of humans are suffering from at least one or more forms of malnutrition?
•
List examples of diseases found from food distribution problems.
•
List issues with food distribution problems.
•
Why are more humans living longer lives than ever before?
Hunting/Fishing & National Parks
Define:
Hunting
Fishing
Fisheries
National Park
•
Identify the benefits and issues of Hunting.
•
Identify the benefits and issues of fishing/fisheries.
•
Why are National Parks important?
•
What are negative effects of overfishing or overhunting to do an ecosystem?
•
Preservation of National Parks allows the organism to be able to have what (think home)?
•
Explain how preservation of National Parks help with biodiversity.
Unit 3 Part 1
Sustaining Biodiversity, Aquatic & Terrestrial Ecosystems
Define
Developed countries
Developing countries
Resource depletion
Extinction
Renewable resources
Non-renewable resources
Pesticide
•
What are sources of environmental change?
•
What effects does global warming have on Earth?
•
Describe benefits and threats of forest fires.
•
List examples of major commercial fishing methods.
•
Describe and explain the types of extinction.
•
List examples of extinct animals.
•
Why was DDT originally used?
•
How has the thought of DDT changed since first use?
•
List examples of pests.
•
What effects do pesticides have on populations?
•
Describe and explain the Endangered Species Act.
•
how terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have been changed and what measures have been taken to help restore
them.
•
how species have been affected by humans and what measures have been taken to help them.
•
how pests have affected the different ecosystems and species.
Unit 3 Part 2
Natural Disasters/Weather/Climate/Geologic Timescale
Define:
Weather
Climate
Atmosphere
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Greenhouse effect
Earth Geologic Timesclae
Rock Strata
Natural Disaster
Ozone layer
Eons
Eras
Periods
Epochs
Important Topics:
1. Examples of Natural Disasters
2. The importance of the Troposphere and Stratosphere.
3. What does the stratosphere contain?
4. Difference between weather and climate.
5. What has the biggest influence in determining climate?
6. What are CFC’s and how do they affect the Ozone Layer?
7. What does the ozone layer do for earth?
8. Describe the greenhouse effect.
9. Describe Earth’s early atmosphere. (think gases)
10. Describe early life and how they have changed.
11. How are living organisms different than early life forms today?
12. Age of the Earth is _____________________________
13. What are the divisions of Earth’s geologic time scale?
14. Know the important geologic events and their eras (dinosaurs, today, etc).