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UNIT PLAN Subject Area: Unit #: Unit Name: Physical Science 3 The Structure and Properties of Atoms Big Idea/Theme: The properties of an element are determined by the composition of its atoms. As a result of this composition, elements can be classified into three main types— metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Culminating Assessment: Using the knowledge of atomic structure, build and label a 3D model of the atom. Differentiate between the first 18 elements on the Periodic Table and use this information to create an individual table. Create a poster, brochure or PowerPoint explaining the discovery and history of radioactivity, along with a comparison of a stable and unstable isotope and applications of a selected element. Unit Understanding(s) Students will understand that… Atoms will contain subatomic particles with regard to mass, location, and charge How these particles affect the properties of an atom Illustrate the fact that the atoms of elements exist as stable or unstable isotopes. There are trends related to the arrangement of the periodic table. Calculate the number of subatomic particles for a given isotope of an element. Determine oxidation numbers base on valence electrons. Compare fission and fusion. Explain the consequences that the use of nuclear applications can have. Unit Essential Question(s): What are the subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons) of an atom? What role do subatomic particles play with regard to mass, location, and charge? Explain how these particles affect the properties of an atom (including identity, mass, volume, and reactivity). Compare and contrast atoms of elements which exist as stable or unstable isotopes. What is the role of valence electrons and atomic numbers in the organization of the periodic table? What are the subatomic particles for a given isotope of an element using the atomic number and the mass number? What is the predicted oxidation number of specific elements on the Periodic Table? What is the difference between fission and fusion reactions? 1 Including the basic processes and the fact that both fission and fusion convert a fraction of the mass of interacting particles into energy and release a great amount of energy. What are consequences of the use of nuclear applications (including medical technologies, nuclear power plants, and nuclear weapons)? Atom Electron Mass number Group Radioactivity Gamma ray Geiger counter Critical mass Ductile Nonmetal Metalloid Vocabulary Nucleus Proton Quark Electron cloud Isotope Average atomic mass Electron dot Period diagram Alpha particle Transmutation Half-life Cloud chamber Nuclear fission Tracer Metallic bonding Diatomic molecule Allotrope Nuclear fusion Metal Radioactive elements Salt Semiconductor Neutron Atomic number Periodic table Strong force Beta particle Bubble chamber Chain reaction Malleable Transaction element Sublimation Transuranium element Students will know… / Students will be able to… Identify the names and symbols of common elements. Identify quarks as subatomic particles of matter. Describe the electron cloud model of the atom. Explain how electrons are arranged in an atom. Compute the atomic mass and mass number of an atom. Identify the components of isotopes. Interpret the average atomic mass of an element. Explain the composition of the periodic table. Use the periodic table to obtain information. Explain what the terms metal, nonmetal, and metalloid mean. Describe the structure of an atom and its nucleus. Explain what radioactivity is. Contrast properties of radioactive and stable nuclei. Discuss the discovery of radioactivity. Compare and contrast alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. 2 Define the half-life of radioactive material. Describe the process of radioactive dating. Describe how radioactivity can be detected in cloud and bubble chambers. Explain how an electroscope can be used to detect radiation. Explain how a Geiger counter can measure nuclear radiation. Explain nuclear fission and how it can begin a chain reaction. Discuss how nuclear fusion occurs in the Sun. Describe how radioactive tracers can be used to diagnose medical problems. Discuss how nuclear reactions can help treat cancer. Describe the properties of a typical metal. Identify the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. Differentiate among three groups of transition elements. Recognize hydrogen as a non metal. Compare and contrast properties of the halogens. Describe properties and uses of the noble gases. Distinguish among metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Describe the nature of allotropes. Recognize the significance of differences in crystal structure in carbon. Understand the importance of synthetic elements. South Carolina Academic Standards: PS-2.1 Compare the subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons) of an atom with regard to mass, location, and charge, and explain how these particles affect the properties of an atom (including identity, mass, volume, and reactivity). PS-2.2 Illustrate the fact that the atoms of elements exist as stable or unstable isotopes. PS-2.3 Explain the trends of the periodic table based on the elements’ valence electrons and atomic numbers. PS-2.4 Use the atomic number and the mass number to calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and/or electrons for a given isotope of an element. PS-2.5 Predict the charge that a representative element will acquire according to the arrangement of electrons in its outer energy level. PS-2.6 Compare fission and fusion (including the basic processes and the fact that both fission and fusion convert a fraction of the mass of interacting particles into energy and release a great amount of energy). PS-2.7 Explain the consequences that the use of nuclear applications (including medical technologies, nuclear power plants, and nuclear weapons) can have. 3 Interim Assessment (formative) Class Participation Exit Slips Formal/Informal Pre-assessment Graphic Organizer Group Work Laboratory assignments Notebooks Projects Quizzes Teacher Observations Tests Writing assignments Key Criteria (to meet the standard/rubric) attached: 4 Key Criteria (to meet the standard/rubric) Making A Poster : Matter Poster CATEGORY Required Elements 4 The poster includes all required elements as well as additional information. 3 All required elements are included on the poster. 2 All but 1 of the required elements is included on the poster. 1 Several required elements were missing. Content Accuracy At least 7 accurate facts are displayed on the poster. 5-6 accurate facts are displayed on the poster. 3-4 accurate facts are displayed on the poster. Less than 3 accurate facts are displayed on the poster. Graphics Relevance All graphics are related to the topic and make it easier to understand. All borrowed graphics have a source citation. All graphics relate to the topic. Most borrowed graphics have a source citation. Graphics do not relate to the topic OR several borrowed graphics do not have a source citation. Labels All items of importance on the poster are clearly labeled with labels that can be read from at least 3 ft. away. The poster is exceptionally attractive in terms of design, layout, and neatness. All graphics are related to the topic and most make it easier to understand. All borrowed graphics have a source citation. Almost all items of importance on the poster are clearly labeled with labels that can be read from at least 3 ft. away. The poster is attractive in terms of design, layout and neatness. Several items of importance on the poster are clearly labeled with labels that can be read from at least 3 ft. away. The poster is acceptably attractive though it may be a bit messy. Labels are too small to view OR no important items were labeled. Attractiveness The poster is distractingly messy or very poorly designed. It is not attractive. 5