Download English Grammar Test – Tuesday, April 23, 2013

English Grammar Test – Tuesday, April 23, 2013
Chapter 6 - Sentences
STUDY GUIDE
Subjects and Predicates (pgs. 434 – 435)
The subject of the sentence names the person, place, or thing the sentence is about.
The predicate tells what the subject is or is doing.
Elizabeth helped the teacher.
The subject is Elizabeth. The predicate is helped.
For the test, please know the difference between the simple subject and complete subject, as well as the
simple predicate and the complete predicate.
Students in the 6th grade enjoyed the festivities at the Hawk Walk.
Simple subject – students
Complete subject – Students in the sixth grade
Simple predicate – enjoyed
Complete predicate – the festivities at the Hawk Walk
Natural and Inverted Order (p. 436 – 437)
Sentences in natural order: subject comes first, then the predicate
St. Jane School is located in Easton, Pennsylvania.
Sentences in inverted order: main verb or auxiliary verb comes before the subject
Through the night sky goes Santa on his sleigh.
Most questions are in inverted order:
Have you ever been to the Hawk Walk?
Types of Sentences (p. 438 – 439)
Declarative – makes a statement, ends with a period
Interrogative – asks a question, ends with a question mark
Imperative – gives a command, ends with a period or exclamation mark
Exclamatory – expresses a strong emotion, ends with an exclamation mark
Simple and Compound Sentence (p. 440 – 441)
Simple sentence
- contains a subject and a predicate
- either the subject or the predicate may be compound
Mrs. Hrazanek is a silly dancer.
Mrs. Hrazanek and Miss Merkel love to teach.
Mrs. Hrazanek sings and dances every night.
- simple subject
- compound subject
- compound predicate
Compound sentence
- contains two or more independent clauses (they can stand on their own)
- are connected by coordinating conjunctions and, or, but, so, nor, yet
Miss Merkel likes baseball, but Mrs. Hrazanek likes hockey.
Punctuation of compound sentences (p. 442 – 443)
There are three ways to punctuate a compound sentence:
1. A comma is placed before the conjunction and separates the two clauses (p. 442)
Richie likes Legos, and Paul likes Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.
2. A semi-colon is used between the independent clauses WITHOUT a coordinating conjunction.
Richie likes Legos; Paul likes Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.
3. Neither a comma nor a semi-colon is required if the independent clauses are short and closely
related.
Helen sings beautifully but I am a great dancer.
Using prepositions correctly (p. 446 – 447)
At, to
At shows presence in
To shows motion toward
Cameron stood at the base of the Statue of Liberty.
Trent walked to the baseball field.
Between, among
Between speaks of two persons, places, or things
Among is used for more than two.
Alyssa sat between Rebecca and Chiara.
Jake stood among the kindergarteners.
In, into
In shows location within something
Into shows motion toward or change of location
Elizabeth prayed in the chapel.
Katelynn walked into the chapel.
OMIT UNNECESSARY PREPOSITIONS
Correct:
Where is Mason?
Incorrect:
Where is Mason at?
Correct:
Incorrect:
Marissa climbed the stairs.
Marissa climbed up the mountain.
Prepositions and Adverbs (p. 448 – 449)
Some words can be used as either prepositions or adverbs: after, around, before, below, below, down, inside,
near, outside, past, through, under, with
It is fun to swim around.
- adverb
It is fun to swim around the lake. – preposition
Adjective phrases (p. 450 – 451)
A prepositional phrase used as an adjective is called an adjective phrase.
Mrs. Swavely is the assistant to the principal.
Elijah bought sneakers with black laces.
Spencer is a student from St. Jane School.
Adverb phrases (p. 452 – 453)
A prepositional phrase used as an adverb is called an adverb phrase.
Morgan watched television for several minutes.
John Joe folded paper like an artist.
Richard looked into the duffel bag for his mitt.
Complex sentences, adverb clauses (p. 454 – 455)
A complex sentence contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. An independent
clause has a subject and a verb and can stand on its own as a sentence. A dependent clause also has a subject
and a verb, but it cannot stand alone as a sentence.
independent clause
John studied aviation
Sarah knitted a sweater
dependent clause
when he visited the museum.
so that her dog wouldn’t be cold.